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. 2010 Jan 10;29(5):551–565. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.7405

Table 2.

Characteristics and Treatment Results From Selected Clinical Trials for Childhood AML

Study* Years of Study No. of Patients†‡ Early Deaths (%) CR Rate (%) Time of CR Evaluation Anthracyclines (mg/m2)§ Cytarabine (g/m2) Etoposide (g/m2) 5-Year EFS
 5-Year OS
 Data Source (first author)
% SE % SE
POG 8821 1988–1993 511 3.9 77 2 courses 360 55.7 2.25 31 2 40.4 2 Ravindranath25
CCG 2891 1989–1995 750 4 77 2 courses 350 28.3 1.9 34 3 45 3 Smith21
MRC-AML 10 1988–1995 303 4 93 4 courses 550 10.6 0.5–1.5 49 58 Gibson27
PINDA-92 1992–1998 151 21 74 Not specified 350 7.64 0.45 36 37 Quintana29
LAME- 91∥ 1991–1998 247 6.4 91 2 courses 460 9.8–13.4 0.4 48 4 62.3 4 Perel24
TCCSG M91-13/M96-14 1991–1998 192 3.6 88 Not specified 495 69.4–99.4 3.75–5.75 56 62 Tomizawa17
BFM-93 1993–1998 427 7.4 82 4 courses 300–400 23–41 0.95 50 2 57 2 Creutzig20
CCG 2961 1996–1999 901 6 83 2 courses 360 15.2–19.6 1.6 42 3 52 4 Lange15
EORTC-CLG 58,921 1993–2000 166 1 84 2 courses 380 23–29 1.35 49 4 62 4 Entz-Werle23
GATLA-AML90 1993–2000 179 20 70 Not specified 300 41.1 1.45 31 4 41 4 Armendariz18
AIEOP LAM-92 1992–2001 160 6 89 2 courses Not provided Not provided Not provided 54 4 60 4 Pession22
NOPHO-AML 93 1993–2001 223 2 92 3 courses 300–375 49.6–61.3 1.6 50 3 66 3 Lie et al19
MRC-AML 12 1994–2002 455 4 92 4 courses 300–610 4.6–34.6 1.5 56 66 Burnett16/Gibson27
AML99 2000–2002 260 1.7 94 2 courses 300–375 59.4–78.4 3.15–3.2 61 3 75 3 Tsukimoto28
BFM-98 1998–2003 473 3 88 4 courses 420 41–47 0.95 49 3 62 3 Creutzig20
SJCRH AML02 2002–2008 230 1 94 2 courses 300–550 34–48 1–1.5 63 4 71 4 Rubnitz26
COG AAML03P1# 2003–2005 350 2.6 83 2 courses 300–480 21.6–45.6 1–1.75 53 6 66 5 Cooper30

Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CR, complete response; EFS, event-free survival; OS, overall survival; POG, Pediatric Oncology Group; CCG, Children's Cancer Group; MRC-AML, United Kingdom's Medical Research Council Acute Myelogenous Leukemia study; PINDA, National Program for Antineoplastic Drugs for Children; LAME, Leucemie Aigue Myeloblastique Enfant; TCCSG, Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group; BFM, Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster; EORTC-CLG, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Children's Leukemia Group; GATLA-AML, Argentine Group for the Treatment of Acute Leukemia; AIEOP LAM, Associazione Italiana di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica Leucemia Acuta Meiloide; NOPHO-AML, Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology—Acute Myeloid Leukemia; SJCRH, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; COG, Children's Oncology Group.

*

Results are reported for only those trials that had ≥ 150 patients and information provided for each of the column headings. The AIEOP LAM-92 did not allow for definitive dose calculations of drugs because consolidation therapy was given based on the treating physician's judgement, but usually included anthracyclines, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine.

†

No. of patients excludes patients with Down syndrome.

‡

Ages include patients from 0 up to and including age 15 years: BFM-98 included patients from 0 to less than 17 years of age; CCG-2961 included patients from 0 to < 21 years of age.

§

Anthracycline conversions were according to daunorubicin equivalents, including idarubicin 5×, mitoxantrone 5×, doxorubicin 1×. Another conversion factor for idarubicin and mitoxantrone that has been used is 3×.

∥

LAME-91 also used 450 mg/m2 of amsacrine; MRC-10 and MRC-12 both also included 500 mg/m2 of amsacrine.

SJCRH AML02 and the COG AAML03P1 have EFS and OS at 3-year follow-up.

#

COG AAML03P1 enrolled patients ≥ 1 month and ≤ 21 years of age.