Table 1.
Association between HHV-8 seropositivity and demographic and household characteristics among children and adults (N = 2860)
| Children (1.5 to<14 years old) (N=1383) |
Adults (> 14 years old) (N=1477) |
|||||
| No. HHV-8+/Total (%) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR(95% CI)‡ | No. HHV-8+/Total (%) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR(95% CI)‡ | |
| Age group (years)* | ||||||
| 1.5 to 2 | 30/194 (15.5) | ref | ref | |||
| 3 to 5 | 88/387 (22.7) | 1.6 (1.03–2.5) | 1.5 (.93–2.4) | |||
| 6 to 9 | 143/452 (31.6) | 2.5 (1.7–3.9) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | |||
| 10 to 13 | 112/350 (32.0) | 2.6 (1.6–4.0) | 2.3 (1.4–3.7) | |||
| 14 to 19 | 118/321 (36.8) | ref | ref | |||
| 20 to 29 | 149/417 (35.7) | 0.96 (.70–1.3) | 1.1 (.78–1.5) | |||
| 30 to 39 | 102/260 (39.2) | 1.1 (.79–1.6) | 1.3 (.88–1.8) | |||
| 40 to 49 | 76/181 (42.0) | 1.2 (.86–1.8) | 1.2 (.81–1.8) | |||
| ≥ 50 | 147/298 (49.3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | |||
| χ2(3)=27.1, P<0.001 | χ2(3)=20.5, P<0.001 | χ2(4)=14.5, P=0.006 | χ2(4)=10.6, P=0.03 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 183/689 (26.6) | ref | ref | 294/783 (37.6) | ref | ref |
| Male | 189/693 (27.3) | 1.04 (.82–1.3) | 1.0 (.79–1.3) | 298/694 (42.9) | 1.3 (1.02–1.5) | 1.3 (1.02–1.6) |
| P=0.76 | P=0.92 | P=0.03 | P=0.04 | |||
| Ethnicity* | ||||||
| Muganda | 98/408 (24.0) | ref | ref | 147/383 (38.4) | ref | ref |
| Musoga | 85/317 (26.8) | 1.2 (.76–1.8) | 1.2 (.78–1.7) | 123/368 (33.4) | 0.81 (.58–1.1) | 0.85 (.61–1.2) |
| Samia | 58/197 (29.4) | 1.3 (.81–2.2) | 1.3 (.88–2.0) | 78/175 (44.6) | 1.3 (.86–1.9) | 1.2 (.83–1.8) |
| Etesoto | 66/193 (34.2) | 1.6 (1.02–2.6) | 1.4 (.90–2.3) | 93/194 (47.9) | 1.5 (1.03–2.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) |
| Other | 65/267 (24.3) | 1.02 (.66–1.6) | 1.1 (.75–1.6) | 151/357 (42.3) | 1.2 (.87–1.6) | 1.3 (.96–1.8) |
| χ2(4)=5.2, P=0.27 | χ2(4)=3.2, P=0.53 | χ2(4)=12.8, P=0.01 | χ2(4)=14.1, P=0.007 | |||
| Household density (persons per room)* | ||||||
| < 1.5 | 61/193 (31.6) | ref | ref | 214/457 (46.8) | ref | ref |
| 1.5 to 2.5 | 111/453 (24.5) | 0.70 (.46–1.1) | 0.66 (.47–.93) | 167/410 (40.7) | 0.78 (.58–1.05) | 0.68 (.50–.92) |
| 2.6 to 4.0 | 130/453 (28.7) | 0.87 (.56–1.4) | 0.88 (.59–1.3) | 144/385 (37.4) | 0.68 (.50–.92) | 0.56 (.40–.79) |
| > 4 | 71/284 (25.0) | 0.72 (.44–1.2) | 0.63 (.44–.91) | 67/225 (29.8) | 0.48 (.33–.71) | 0.44 (.32–.60) |
| χ2(3)=3.3, P=0.34 | χ2(3)=8.7, P=0.03 | χ2(3)=15.8, P=0.001 | χ2(3)=30.0, P<0.001 | |||
| Drinking water source† | ||||||
| Improved only | 303/1179 (25.7) | ref | ref | 492 (39.6) | ref | ref |
| Unimproved | 69/203 (34.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.3 (.89–1.8) | 100 (42.9) | 1.1 (.82–1.6) | 1.1 (.79–1.5) |
| P=0.05 | P=0.18 | P=0.41 | P=0.67 | |||
| Number of HHV-8+ household members* | ||||||
| None | 53/384 (13.8) | ref | ref | 210 (34.7) | ref | ref |
| 1 | 69/374 (18.5) | 1.4 (.97–2.1) | 1.5 (.89–2.6) | 141 (34.6) | 1.0 (.77–1.3) | 1.1 (.78–1.7) |
| 2 or more | 251/625 (40.2) | 4.3 (3.1–6.0) | 4.2 (2.8–6.3) | 241 (52.1) | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | 2.7 (1.9–3.7) |
| χ2(2)=98.2, P<0.001 | χ2(2)=54.7, P<0.001 | χ2(2)=39.6, P<0.001 | χ2(2)=38.7, P<0.001 | |||
NOTE.*For explanatory variables with ≥3 levels, the omnibus Wald χ2 test was performed.
†
Improved source includes tap, well, borehole, rain collection, protected spring; unimproved source includes pond, stream, unprotected spring.
‡
Adjusted OR (95% CI) and P value reflects results of final model including characteristic and all other variables in column.