Table 4.
Association between exposures to workplace toxicants and genotoxicity assays performed on HepG2 cells: multiple linear regression models (N = 64)*.
| Independent variable | Tail DNA percent | MNi/1000 BNed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reg. coeff # | P-value | 95% CI for B | Reg. coeff # | P-value | 95% CI for B | |
| VOCs | ||||||
| Benzene | ||||||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.03 | 0.61 | -0.08 to 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.78 | -0.17 to 0.23 |
| > 39 yrs | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 to 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.23 to 0.56 |
| Ethylbenzene | ||||||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.24 | -0.01 to 0.05 | -0.01 | 0.80 | -0.06 to 0.05 |
| > 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 to 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.07 to 0.13 |
| M+P-Xylene | ||||||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.09 | -0.002 to 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.9 | -0.02 to 0.03 |
| > 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.001 to 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.03 to 0.06 |
| O-Xylene | ||||||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.03 | 0.12 | -0.01 to 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.66 | -0.05 to 0.07 |
| > 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.001 to 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.07 to 0.14 |
| Decane | ||||||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.07 | -0.001 to 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.76 | -0.02 to 0.02 |
| > 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.001 to 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 to 0.05 |
| Tetrachloroethylene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.31 | -0.02 to 0.05 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.004 to 0.02 | |||
| Trichloroethylene | ||||||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.003 | 0.84 | -0.03 to 0.04 | -0.03 | 0.27 | -0.10 to 0.03 |
| > 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.003 to 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.002 | 0.03 to 0.10 |
| Toluene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.004 | 0.57 | -0.02 to 0.01 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 to 0.03 | |||
| 1,4 Dichlorobenzene§ | 0.01 | 0.39 | -0.01 to 0.03 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.03 | 0.38 | -0.10 to 0.04 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.06 to 0.16 | |||
| 1, 2,4Trimethylebenzene§ | 0.01 | 0.12 | -0.002 to 0.02 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.81 | -0.03 to 0.04 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.05 to 0.09 | |||
| Undecane§ | 0.003 | 0.23 | -0.002 to 0.01 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.14 | -0.004 to 0.03 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 to 0.03 | |||
| Styrene§ | 0.03 | 0.36 | -0.03 to 0.09 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.07 | 0.52 | -0.29 to 0.15 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.23 to 0.44 | |||
| PAHs | ||||||
| Chrysene£ | 0.10 | 0.50 | -0.19 to 0.38 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.07 | 0.57 | -0.18 to 0.32 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.39 | |||
| Fluranthene£ | 0.02 | 0.68 | -0.07 to 0.10 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.002 | 0.96 | -0.07 to 0.07 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.02 to 0.16 | |||
| Phenanthrene£ | 0.01 | 0.51 | -0.02 to 0.05 | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.01 | 0.67 | -0.02 to 0.04 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 to 0.07 | |||
| Pyrene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.004 | 0.92 | -0.09 to 0.10 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.01 to 0.15 | |||
| Anthracene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | 0.02 | 0.88 | -0.24 to 0.27 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.06 to 0.44 | |||
| Benzo(g,h,i)perylene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.01 | 0.96 | -0.33 to 0.31 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.39 | |||
| Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.01 | 0.98 | -0.49 to 0.48 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.34 | 0.03 | 0.03 to 0.65 | |||
| Benzo(j)fluoranthene | NT | NT | NT | |||
| ≤ 39 yrs | -0.01 | 0.98 | -0.37 to 0.36 | |||
| > 39 yrs | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.02 to 0.51 | |||
| Dibenz(a,h)anthracene§ | 0.85 | 0.02 | 0.13 to 10.57 | NT | NT | NT |
* Variables in the final models. (i) MNi/1000 BNed models: toxicants (one each time), age (≤ 39/>39 years), toxicant-age interaction, alcohol consumption (regularly/occasionally), vegetable intake (usually/sometimes).
(ii) tail DNA percent models: same as MNi/1000 BNed plus level of education (>12/≤12 years).
§ or £ Not significant interaction between toxicant and age for comet§ or micronuclei£ assays. Toxicant effect adjusted for the other models variables.
NT: Not Tested because P > 0.1 in univariate association between toxicant and biomarker (table 2).
Notes: Variables entered in the models are those with P < 0.1 in univariate analysis. Enter method was used.
Reg. coeff #, regression coefficient number
CI, confidence interval
yrs, years
MNi, micronuclei
BNed; binucleated cells.