Table 3. Odds ratios for comparing 2001/2002 to 2008/2009 carriage using GEE.

Participants	<5 y		>5 y		All
VT	0.06 (0.03–0.16)	abg ***	0.31 (0.04–2.49)	a***	0.07 (0.03–0.16)	aeg ***, b**
NVT	4.25 (2.81–6.43)	c*,g***	5.16 (1.95–13.66)	ag**	4.40 (3.06–6.33)	ag***, bc*
All	1.03 (0.70–1.51)	ab***, e*	2.46 (1.04–5.83)	a***, g*	1.06 (0.76–1.49)	ab***,e**

Key for significant fixed effects: a, age; b, antibiotic treatment; c, smoking; d, gender; e, adults in household; f, children in household; g, study period.

Significance codes:

*≤0.05;

**≤0.01;

***≤0.001.