. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Jan 6;50(2):141–149. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.11.010

Table 2.

The Risk of Subsequent Substance Use Disorders (SUD) Associated with ADHD, EFD, or the Combination (N=412)^a

	Controls		ADHD		EFD		ADHD and EFD		Overall Significance
	Controls		ADHD		EFD		ADHD and EFD		p value
Lifetime Prevalence	N	N (%) with outcome	N	N (%) with outcome	N	N (% with outcome)	N	N (% with outcome)
Alcohol Use Disorders	165	35 (21)	127	41 (32)^b	23	4 (17)	85	17 (20)	0.03
Drug Use Disorders	171	17 (10)	126	34 (27)^b, ^c	22	3 (14)	86	9 (10)	<0.01
Any Substance Use Disorder	161	40 (25)	120	45 (38)^b, ^c	19	5 (26)	84	18 (21)	<0.01
Cigarette Smoking	159	12 (8)	108	20 (19)^b	21	1 (5)	74	17 (23)^b	<0.01

Abbreviations: ADHD=attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

EFD=Neuropsychologically defined executive function deficits

Cox proportional hazards model controlling for socioeconomic status among those without any alcohol, drug, or nicotine use disorder at the 4/5-year follow-up.

Pairwise Comparisons:

p<0.05 vs. Controls

p < 0.05 vs. both ADHD and EFD