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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2010 Nov 8;185(12):7596–7604. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002846

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

SP modulates the expression of the HIVR CD4 and the HIV coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Incubation with SP reduced CD4+ T cell expression of the HIVR CD4 in a time-dependent fashion compared with medium controls (A, n = 6). CD4+ T cell expression of the HIVR CD4 by confocal microscopy was reduced after 24-h incubation with SP compared with medium control (B). There was a rapid and robust increase in surface expression of CCR5 in CD4+ T cells incubated with 0.5% SP (C, n = 6), along with a late and limited repression of surface CXCR4 expression (D, n = 6). We found that simultaneous with the increase in surface expression of CCR5, SP reduces intracellular CCR5 staining (E, n = 10). By real-time PCR, there was a clear SP-mediated reduction in CD4+ T cell transcription of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 (F, n = 10). Fold change was calculated via the 2−ΔΔCT method using the difference in CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 mRNA Ct values between the SP-treated and media controls after normalization of CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5 mRNA expression using CD71 housekeeping gene mRNA levels. SP protects CD4+ T cells from X4 tropic HIV IIIB infection more potently than it protects CD4+ T cells from R5 tropic HIV BaL (G, n = 20) and X4 tropic HIV HC4 more potently than R5 tropic HIV SF162 (H, n = 20). Error bars depict SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.