SP-mediated protection from HIV infection correlates closely with SP-mediated reductions in CD4+ T cell expression of CD4 and CD38 as well as CD4+ T cell proliferation. The magnitude of the reduction in CD4+ T cell infection by HIV IIIB correlated positively with the magnitude of the SP-mediated reduction in CD4+ T cell MFI of the HIVR CD4 (A), the MFI of the activation marker CD38 (B), and with the reduction in CD4+ T cell proliferation (C) by CFSE staining. Likewise, the magnitude of the reduction in CD4+ T cell infection by HIV BaL correlated positively with the magnitude of the SP-mediated reduction in CD4+ T cell CD4 MFI (D), CD4+ T cell CD38 MFI (E), and CD4+ T cell proliferation (F). SP contains multiple cytokines and chemokines (G). n = 20 for A–G.