Table 5.

Multivariable regression model comparing total costs following the index date

Variable	Parameter Estimate	Standard Error	Chi-Square	P-value
CV event: yes vs. no	1.7546	0.0377	2169.7	<0.0001
Hypertension: yes vs. no	0.246	0.0158	241.0	<0.0001
Hyperlipidemia: yes vs. no	0.1425	0.0163	76.4	<0.0001
Diabetes: yes vs. no	0.34	0.0213	254.5	<0.0001
18-34 years vs. 65+ years	0.5644	0.1162	23.6	<0.0001
35-44 years vs. 65+ years	0.5521	0.1097	25.3	<0.0001
45-54 years vs. 65+ years	0.7040	0.1083	42.3	<0.0001
55-64 years vs. 65+ years	0.8720	0.1082	65.0	<0.0001
Female: yes vs. no	0.1792	0.0143	156. 7	<0.0001
Plan type: HMO vs. Consumer-directed	0.0194	0.1470	0.02	0.8948
Plan type: Indemnity vs. Consumer-directed	0.1144	0.1490	0.6	0.4427
Plan type: PPO vs. Consumer-directed	0.1540	0.1469	1.1	0.2943
Plan type: POS vs. Consumer-directed	0.0564	0.1482	0.1	0.7036
Plan type: Other/Unknown vs. Consumer-directed	-0.1365	0.1585	0.7	0.3892
Payer type: Medicaid vs. Commercial	0.376	0.0798	22.2	<0.0001
Payer type: Medicare Risk vs. Commercial	0.6435	0.1068	36.3	<0.0001
Payer type: Self-insured vs. Commercial	-0.2372	0.0346	47.1	<0.0001
Payer type: Other/Unknown vs. Commercial	-0.0627	0.0317	3.91	0.0481
Physician specialty: Internal medicine vs. FP/GP	0.0242	0.0538	0.2	0.6529
Physician specialty: Cardiologist vs. FP/GP	0.0857	0.0445	3.7	0.054
Physician specialty: Other vs. FP/GP	0.0128	0.045	0.1	0.7752
Physician specialty: Unknown vs. FP/GP	0.0587	0.0555	1.1	0.2899
Geographic region: Northeast vs. West	-0.107	0.0316	11.4	0.0007
Geographic region: Midwest vs. West	-0.0077	0.0292	0.1	0.7924
Geographic region: South vs. West	-0.106	0.0296	12.8	0.0003

HMO = Health Maintenance Organization; PPO = Preferred Provider Organization; POS = Point of Service; FP/GP = family practitioner/general physician