Table 2.

Underlying causes of conversion to open cholecystectomy.

	No. of patients	Percentage
Visceral injury
Duodenal perforation	1	0.02
Colon perforation	1	0.02
Intraoperative hemorrhage
From cystic artery	2	0.04
From gallbladder bed	11	0.21
From hepatic artery	1	0.02
Bile duct injuries
Right hepatic duct lesions	1	0.02
Common bile duct partial lesions	3	0.06
Common bile duct total section	2	0.04
Bile leakage from the gallbladder bed	1	0.02
Adhesions
Caused by previous operations	9	0.17
Caused by severe tissue inflammation	97	1.88
Fibrosis of Calot's triangle	12	0.23
Cholecystoduodenal fistula	4	0.08
Stones in common bile duct	1	0.02
Buried gallbladder	5	0.1
Thickened gallbladder wall	6	0.11
Spillage of stones into the peritoneal cavity	5	0.1
Suspicion of malignancy	1	0.02
Total	163	3.16