Table III.

Multitherapeutic approach to treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.

Drugs		Somatic		Situational
Primary analgesics NSAIDS acetaminophen opioids Hormonal treatments corticosteroids sex steroids Other agents β-adrenergic antagonists antidepressants anticonvulsants Ca++ channel blockers cox 2 inhibitors GABAB antagonists serotonin antagonists cannabinoids	Adjuvants antihistamines laxatives neuroleptics phenothiazines Routes oral intravenous intramuscular intraperitoneal buccal sublingual intranasal vaginal rectaltopical transdermal epidural intrathecal	Simple heat cold exercise massage vibration relaxation sleep Minimally invasive physical therapy botulinum toxin A traction manipulation local anesthesia TENS acupuncture ultrasound	Invasive ablative surgery excisional surgery bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy hysterectomy lysis of adhesions neurectomy nerve block dorsal column stimulation local ganglion blocks radiation brain stimulation brain focal ablation	Clinician education attitude clinic arrangement Self meditation art poetry music theatre diet herbals virtual reality sports humor gardening aroma therapy religion pets	Interactive hypnosis biofeedback support groups advocacy groups networking self-help groups Structured settings group therapy family counseling job counseling cognitive therapy behavioral therapy psychotherapy multidisciplinary clinic

This table is modified with permission from Berkley (1997).