Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) according to Extent of Delay in Seeking Medical Care
| Characteristic | < 2 hours (n=2,762) | ≥ 2 hours (n=3,267) | P-value | < 6 hours (n=4791) | ≥ 6 hours (n=1,238) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean) | 66.2 | 68.7 | 0.004 | 67.4 | 68.2 | 0.15 |
| Age (years, %) | ||||||
| <65 | 43.5 | 36.2 | <0.001 | 40.3 | 36.4 | 0.002 |
| 65–74 | 25.7 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 26.9 | ||
| ≥75 | 30.8 | 37.6 | 23.0 | 36.6 | ||
| Female (%) | 36.2 | 40.8 | <0.001 | 38.4 | 39.7 | 0.43 |
| White (%) | 94.6 | 94.8 | 0.82 | 94.5 | 95.4 | 0.26 |
| Marital Status (%) | ||||||
| Single | 10.9 | 9.7 | 0.001 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 0.71 |
| Married | 63.3 | 61.1 | 62.5 | 60.3 | ||
| Divorced | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.9 | ||
| Widowed | 18.7 | 22.7 | 20.6 | 21.9 | ||
| Medical history (%) | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 9.4 | 9.3 | 0.85 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 0.76 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24.9 | 30.1 | <0.001 | 27.2 | 29.8 | 0.07 |
| Hypertension | 58.4 | 61.6 | 0.012 | 60.6 | 58.4 | 0.17 |
| Heart failure | 15.0 | 16.9 | 0.047 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 0.90 |
| Stroke | 8.7 | 9.2 | 0.55 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 0.84 |
| PCI* | 34.9 | 34.7 | 0.94 | 36.6 | 25.5 | 0.06 |
| CABG | 6.4 | 5.4 | 0.12 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 0.25 |
| AMI characteristics (%) | ||||||
| Initial | 66.4 | 67.1 | 0.52 | 65.9 | 70.1 | 0.005 |
| Q-wave | 42.8 | 39.2 | 0.006 | 40.3 | 42.8 | 0.13 |
| Anterior | 30.3 | 31.8 | 0.23 | 30.7 | 32.9 | 0.15 |
| STEMI† | 52.6 | 41.7 | <0.001 | 48.4 | 40.5 | 0.001 |
| Acute symptoms (%) | ||||||
| Chest pain | 39.5 | 35.0 | <0.001 | 38.1 | 33.2 | 0.002 |
| Shortness of breath | 28.5 | 24.6 | 0.001 | 27.3 | 22.9 | 0.002 |
| Nausea | 18.4 | 16.9 | 0.13 | 17.9 | 16.6 | 0.27 |
| Diaphoresis | 25.5 | 19.3 | <0.001 | 23.6 | 15.9 | <0.001 |
| Fatigue | 5.3 | 5.5 | 0.80 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 0.21 |
| Weekday hospitalization (%) | 70.6 | 71.5 | 0.19 | 71.2 | 72.4 | 0.40 |
| Time of day hospitalization (%) | ||||||
| 12am-5:59 am | 21.6 | 18.6 | <0.001 | 22.1 | 12.0 | <0.001 |
| 6-11:59 am | 30.6 | 32.2 | 29.8 | 37.9 | ||
| 12 pm-5:59 pm | 25.2 | 28.7 | 25.8 | 31.9 | ||
| 6 pm-11:59 pm | 22.7 | 20.4 | 22.3 | 18.2 | ||
| DNR order‡ (%) | 14.4 | 15.8 | 0.20 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 0.97 |
| Clinical presentations, median | ||||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 80 | 82 | <0.001 | 80 | 83 | 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 142 | 145 | 0.018 | 144 | 145 | 0.36 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 80 | 80 | 0.89 | 80 | 80 | 0.55 |
| BMI (kg/m2)¶ | 27.1 | 27.0 | 0.31 | 27.1 | 26.8 | 0.59 |
| Laboratory findings, median | ||||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 198 | 201 | 0.14 | 199 | 203 | 0.08 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 109 | 112 | 0.18 | 109 | 116 | 0.034 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 121 | 123 | 0.97 | 120 | 130 | 0.34 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 145 | 147 | 0.27 | 147 | 142 | 0.019 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.56 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.99 |
*
Data on history of PCI were recorded beginning in 2003 and available for 546 patients.
†
Data were recorded beginning in 1997 and available for 2,771 patients.
‡
Data were recorded beginning in 1991 and available for 4,384 patients.
¶
Data were recorded beginning in 1995 and available for 2,931 patients.