Table 2.
Summary of Selected Studies Reporting Duration of Pre-hospital Delay According to Age and Sex
| First Author | Mean Delay (hours) | Median Delay (hours) | Adjusted confounders | Conclusions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (M) | Women (W) | Age groups | Men (M) | Women (W) | Age groups | |||
| Ting et al39 | 1.9 | 2.4 | <60y: 1.8 60–69y: 2.0 70–79y: 2.3 ≥80y: 2.6 |
NA | NA | NA | Yes | Women increased delay (↑) Older patients >60 y ↑ Age and sex differences slightly narrowed over time |
| Maynard et al34 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | <60y: 1.8 >75y: 2.5 |
No | Women ↑ least apparent in patients <60y Older patients >75y↑ |
| Heer et al37 | NA | NA | NA | 2.5 | 3.3 | NA | Yes | Women↑ |
| Ottesen et al33 | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 3.8 | NA | No | Women↑ |
| Leizorovicz et al30 | NA | NA | NA | 1.2* | 1.5* | <65y: 1.1 >65y: 1.4 |
Yes | Women↑ Older patients >65y↑ |
| Lambrew et al36 | 2.5±0.1 | 3.1±0.2 | NA | 1.4 | 1.9 | NA | No | Women ↑ |
| Brophy et al38 | NA | NA | NA | 1.5 | 2.0 | ≤65y: 1.4 <65y: 2.0 |
No | Women↑ |
| Magid et al32 | NA | NA | NA | 2.2 | 2.5 | <65y: 2.0 ≥65y: 2.5 |
Age only | Women ↑ Older patients >65y↑ |
| Carrabba et al41 | NA | NA | NA | 2.2 | 2.8 | NA | No | Women ↑ |
| Karlson et al28 | NA | NA | NA | 2.8 | 3.8 | NA | No | Women ↑ |
| O’Donnell et al43 | NA | NA | NA | 1.8 | 3.1 | <65: 1.7 ≥65: 2.5 |
Yes | Women ↑ Older patients ↑ |
| Bouma et al14 | NA | NA | NA | 1.92 | 2.3 | 35–44y: 2.0 45–54y: 1.9 55–64y: 1.8 65–74y: 2.1 |
Age & sex | Women ↑ |
| Walsh et al40 | NA | NA | NA | 3.4 | 7.2 | NA | Yes | Women ↑ |
| Grace et al17 | NA | NA | NA | 1.5 | 1.8 | NA | No | No age and sex differences |
| Dracup et al15 | 1.9±1.4 | 1.0±1.2 | 29–40y: 1.1 41–60y: 1.8 61–86y: 2.0 |
NA | NA | NA | No | No sex differences Older patients↑ |
| Mckinkey et al26 | 1.9±1.3 | 1.8±1.2 | 29–60y: 1.1 41–60y:1.8 61–86y:2.0 |
NA | NA | NA | No | No sex differences Older patients |
| Mckinkey et al26 | 1.9±1.3 | 2.3±1.5 | 29–60y: 1.7 41–60y: 2.0 61–86y: 2.1 |
NA | NA | NA | No | No age and sex differences |
| Zerwic JJ et al50 | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 2.5 | NA | No | No age and sex differences |
| Moser et al25 | NA | NA | NA | 3.1 | 3.1 | ≤55y: M:2.1; W:1.4 >56y: M:2.8; W:3.7 |
Yes | No age and sex differences Age and sex interaction |
| Bank et al11,12 | NA | NA | <55y: 13.9 >55y: 13.3 |
3.5 | 4.4 | <55y: 4.1 >55y: 4.1 |
No | No age and sex differences |
| Morgan et al42 | NA | NA | NA | 1.6 | 1.8 | NA | No | NA |
| Rosenfeld et al47 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4.3 | NA | No | NA |
NA: Not available;
*
duration of patient delay