Table 4.
Age- and gender-adjusted associations between complete tension-type headache prevalence and lifestyle variables, restricted to age groups 35–75 years
| Complete TTH | DHS (n = 178) | KORA (n = 663) | SHIP (n = 401) |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Past | 1.05 (0.70, 1.55) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) | 1.34 (1.04, 1.74) |
| Current | 1.25 (0.83, 1.89) | 0.81 (0.64, 1.03) | 0.91 (0.68, 1.21) |
| Physical activity | |||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≤2 h/week | 1.17 (0.78, 1.73) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) | 1.20 (0.91, 1.59) |
| >2 h/week | 0.91 (0.61, 1.34) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.19) |
| Alcohol consumptiona | |||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 0.98 (0.67, 1.45) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 1.35 (0.98, 1.86) |
| Increased | 0.89 (0.60, 1.33) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.75) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| <25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 0.64 (0.43, 0.94) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.19) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) |
| ≥30.0 | 0.74 (0.49, 1.14) | 1.07 (0.84, 1.36) | 0.83 (0.62, 1.10) |
| Health indexb | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
aGender specific alcohol consumption—males: moderate = 1–20 g/day, increased = ≥20 g/day; females: moderate = 1–10 g/day, increased = ≥10 g/day
bSum of the following life style factors: smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI