Table 1.
The distribution of self-reported migraine, MA and MO by lifestyle and socioeconomic factors in all subjects
| Migraine n (%) | MA n (%) | MO n (%) | Healthy n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| School level | p < 0.001 | p = 0.002 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Graduated 12th grade | 2,504 (32.2) | 999 (33.5) | 1,505 (31.5) | 8,147 (35.4) |
| Graduated 9th grade | 3,651 (47.0) | 1,413 (47.3) | 2,238 (46.8) | 10,117 (43.9) |
| Not graduated 9th grade | 1,616 (20.8) | 574 (19.2) | 1,042 (21.8) | 4,766 (20.7) |
| Educational level | p < 0.001 | p = 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Higher education >4 years | 543 (7.5) | 242 (8.7) | 301 (6.8) | 2,280 (10.7) |
| Higher education ≤4 years | 2,230 (30.9) | 861 (31.1) | 1,369 (30.8) | 6,033 (28.4) |
| Vocational education | 3,183 (44.1) | 1,183 (42.8) | 2,000 (45.0) | 9,346 (44.0) |
| No education | 1,258 (17.4) | 481 (17.4) | 777 (17.5) | 3,594 (16.9) |
| Employment status | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Employed | 4,820 (69.6) | 1,815 (67.7) | 3,005 (70.7) | 14,468 (69.3) |
| Self-employed | 491 (7.1) | 173 (6.5) | 318 (7.5) | 1,853 (8.9) |
| Homemaker | 268 (3.9) | 99 (3.7) | 169 (4.0) | 577 (2.8) |
| Retired | 621 (9.0) | 277 (10.3) | 344 (8.1) | 1,514 (7.3) |
| Student | 544 (7.9) | 226 (8.4) | 318 (7.5) | 2,061 (9.9) |
| Unemployed | 185 (2.7) | 89 (3.3) | 96 (2.3) | 407 (1.9) |
| Physical work load | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Mainly seated | 1,881 (25.0) | 740 (25.6) | 1,141 (24.6) | 6,429 (28.7) |
| Seated/standing or walking | 5,060 (67.3) | 1,947 (67.4) | 3,113 (67.1) | 14,134 (63.0) |
| Heavy physical work | 583 (7.7) | 200 (6.9) | 383 (8.3) | 1,876 (8.4) |
| Recreational physical activity | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| No physical exercise | 1,416 (18.6) | 536 (18.3) | 880 (18.7) | 3,803 (16.7) |
| Light physical exercise | 4,870 (63.9) | 1,882 (64.4) | 2,988 (63.6) | 14,056 (61.7) |
| Heavy physical exercise | 1,335 (17.5) | 506 (17.3) | 829 (17.6) | 4,912 (21.6) |
| BMI | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Underweight | 230 (3.0) | 91 (3.1) | 139 (3.0) | 477 (2.1) |
| Normal weight | 4,621 (60.8) | 1,809 (62.1) | 2,812 (59.9) | 13,430 (59.4) |
| Overweight | 2,072 (27.2) | 762 (26.2) | 1,310 (27.9) | 6,973 (30.8) |
| Obese class I–III | 682 (9.0) | 249 (8.6) | 433 (9.2) | 1,743 (7.7) |
| Smoking status | p < 0.001 | p = 0.003 | p = 0.006 | – |
| Non-smoker | 3,270 (41.8) | 1,242 (41.3) | 2,028 (42.1) | 10,346 (44.4) |
| Former smoker | 1,762 (22.5) | 679 (22.6) | 1,083 (22.5) | 5,136 (22.1) |
| Current smoker | 2,795 (35.7) | 1,085 (36.1) | 1,710 (35.5) | 7,794 (33.5) |
| Alcohol consumption | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Never/seldom | 2,200 (27.7) | 911 (29.8) | 1,289 (26.3) | 4,431 (18.9) |
| Monthly | 1,735 (21.8) | 640 (21.0) | 1,095 (22.4) | 4,827 (20.5) |
| Weekly | 4,009 (50.5) | 1,500 (49.2) | 2,509 (51.3) | 14,246 (60.6) |
| Marital status | p = 0.007 | p = 0.245 | p = 0.006 | – |
| Single | (27.5) | 866 (28.1) | 1,346 (27.1) | 6,925 (29.1) |
| Marrieda | 5,832 (72.5) | 2,220 (71.9) | 3,612 (72.9) | 16,896 (70.9) |
aIncluding couples living together