Table 2.
The distribution of self-reported migraine, MA and MO by lifestyle and socioeconomic factors in women and men
| Women | Men | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migraine n (%) | MA n (%) | MO n (%) | Healthy n (%) | Migraine n (%) | MA n (%) | MO n (%) | Healthy n (%) | |
| School level | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – | p < 0.001 | p = 0.351 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Graduated 12th grade | 1,901 (35.2) | 774 (35.3) | 1,127 (35.1) | 4,570 (40.5) | 603 (25.5) | 225 (28.3) | 378 (24.1) | 3,577 (30.4) |
| Graduated 9th grade | 2,512 (46.5) | 1,035 (47.3) | 1,477 (45.9) | 4,814 (42.7) | 1,139 (48.1) | 378 (47.5) | 761 (48.5) | 5,303 (45.1) |
| Not Graduated 9th grade | 992 (18.4) | 381 (17.4) | 611 (19.0) | 1,891 (16.8) | 624 (26.4) | 193 (24.3) | 431 (27.5) | 2,875 (24.5) |
| Educational level | p < 0.001 | p = 0.193 | p < 0.001 | – | p = 0.017 | p = 0.334 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Higher education >4 years | 301 (6.0) | 141 (6.9) | 160 (5.3) | 858 (8.2) | 242 (11.1) | 101 (13.8) | 141 (9.8) | 1,422 (13.1) |
| Higher education ≤4 years | 1,686 (33.4) | 664 (32.6) | 1,022 (34.0) | 3,397 (32.5) | 544 (25.0) | 197 (26.9) | 347 (24.1) | 2,636 (24.4) |
| Vocatinal education | 2,089 (41.4) | 846 (41.6) | 1,243 (41.4) | 4,175 (40.0) | 1,094 (50.3) | 337 (46.0) | 757 (52.5) | 5,171 (47.8) |
| No education | 965 (19.1) | 384 (18.9) | 581 (19.3) | 2,009 (19.2) | 293 (13.5) | 97 (13.3) | 196 (13.6) | 1,585 (14.7) |
| Employment status | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – | p = 0.015 | p = 0.220 | p = 0.062 | – |
| Employed | 3,227 (68.3) | 1,287 (66.6) | 1,940 (69.6) | 6,642 (67.1) | 1,593 (72.2) | 528 (70.9) | 1,065 (72.9) | 7,826 (71.3) |
| Self-employed | 215 (4.6) | 79 (4.1) | 136 (4.9) | 415 (4.2) | 276 (12.5) | 94 (12.6) | 182 (12.5) | 1,438 (13.1) |
| Homemaker | 265 (5.6) | 97 (5.0) | 168 (6.0) | 559 (5.7) | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 18 (0.2) |
| Retired | 447 (9.5) | 213 (11.0) | 234 (8.4) | 787 (8.0) | 174 (7.9) | 64 (8.6) | 110 (7.5) | 727 (6.6) |
| Student | 421 (8.9) | 182 (9.4) | 239 (8.6) | 1,250 (12.6) | 123 (5.6) | 44 (5.9) | 79 (5.4) | 811 (7.4) |
| Unemployed | 148 (3.1) | 76 (3.9) | 72 (2.6) | 244 (2.5) | 37 (1.7) | 13 (1.7) | 24 (1.6) | 163 (1.5) |
| Physical work load | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – | p = 0.180 | p = 0.241 | p = 0.014 | – |
| Mainly seated | 1,247 (23.8) | 504 (23.9) | 743 (23.8) | 3,033 (27.7) | 634 (27.6) | 236 (30.3) | 398 (26.3) | 3,396 (29.6) |
| Seated/standing or walking | 3,692 (70.6) | 1,485 (70.4) | 2,207 (70.7) | 7,458 (68.1) | 1,368 (59.6) | 462 (59.4) | 906 (59.8) | 6,676 (58.1) |
| Heavy physical work | 291 (5.6) | 120 (5.7) | 171 (5.5) | 460 (4.2) | 292 (12.7) | 80 (10.3) | 212 (14.0) | 1,416 (12.3) |
| Recreational physical activity | p = 0.001 | p = 0.026 | p = 0.011 | – | p = 0.002 | p = 0.013 | p = 0.013 | – |
| No physical exercise | 1,005 (19.1) | 412 (19.3) | 593 (18.9) | 1,872 (16.9) | 411 (17.5) | 124 (15.7) | 287 (18.4) | 1,931 (16.5) |
| Light physical exercise | 3,476 (65.9) | 1,393 (65.2) | 2,083 (66.3) | 7,396 (66.8) | 1,394 (59.4) | 489 (62.0) | 905 (58.1) | 6,660 (56.9) |
| Heavy physical exercise | 794 (15.1) | 330 (15.5) | 464 (14.8) | 1,800 (16.3) | 541 (23.1) | 176 (22.3) | 365 (23.4) | 3,112 (26.6) |
| BMI | p < 0.001 | p = 0.031 | p < 0.001 | – | P = 0.276 | p = 0.793 | p = 0.166 | – |
| Underweight | 214 (4.1) | 84 (3.9) | 130 (4.1) | 401 (3.6) | 16 (0.7) | 7 (0.9) | 9 (0.6) | 76 (0.7) |
| Normal weight | 3,440 (65.2) | 1,408 (66.1) | 2,032 (64.6) | 7,559 (68.7) | 1,181 (50.7) | 401 (51.3) | 780 (50.3) | 5,871 (50.5) |
| Overweight | 1,161 (22.0) | 456 (21.4) | 705 (22.4) | 2,278 (20.7) | 911 (39.1) | 306 (39.2) | 605 (39.0) | 4,695 (40.4) |
| Obese class I–III | 459 (8.7) | 182 (8.5) | 277 (8.8) | 765 (7.0) | 223 (9.6) | 67 (8.6) | 156 (10,1) | 978 (8.4) |
| Smoking status | p < 0.001 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.011 | – | p = 0.002 | p = 0.046 | p = 0.018 | – |
| Non-smoker | 2,354 (43.2) | 939 (42.5) | 1,415 (43.7) | 5,293 (46.6) | 916 (38.4) | 303 (37.9) | 613 (38.7) | 5,053 (42.4) |
| Former smoker | 1,185 (21.8) | 482 (21.8) | 703 (21.7) | 2,402 (21.1) | 577 (24.2) | 197 (24.7) | 380 (24.0) | 2,734 (22.9) |
| Current smoker | 1,905 (35.0) | 786 (35.6) | 1,119 (34.6) | 3,665 (32.3) | 890 (37.3) | 299 (37.4) | 591 (37.3) | 4,129 (34.7) |
| Alcohol consumption | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | – |
| Never/seldom | 1,823 (33.0) | 777 (34.7) | 1,046 (31.8) | 3,029 (26.4) | 377 (15.6) | 134 (16.4) | 243 (15.1) | 1,402 (11.7) |
| Monthly | 1,294 (23.4) | 504 (22.5) | 790 (24.0) | 2,880 (25.1) | 441 (18.2) | 136 (16.7) | 305 (19.0) | 1,947 (16.2) |
| Weekly | 2,405 (43.6) | 955 (42.7) | 1,450 (44.1) | 5,586 (48.6) | 1,604 (66.2) | 545 (66.9) | 1,059 (65.9) | 8,660 (72.1) |
| Marital status | p = 0.001 | p = 0.091 | p = 0.001 | – | p = 0.955 | p = 0.959 | p = 0.915 | – |
| Single | 1,515 (27.1) | 631 (27.9) | 884 (26.5) | 3,457 (29.6) | 697 (28.5) | 235 (28.6) | 462 (28.4) | 3,468 (28.5) |
| Marrieda | 4,082 (72.9) | 1,634 (72.1) | 2,448 (73.5) | 8,213 (70.4) | 1,750 (71.5) | 586 (71.4) | 1,164 (71.6) | 8,683 (71.5) |
aIncluding couples living together