Table 6.
The risk of migraine and its subtypes for men versus women
| Migraine | MA | MO | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a | |
| School levelb | ||||||
| Graduated 12th grade | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Graduated 9th grade | 1.43 (1.27–1.60) | 1.44 (1.24–1.67) | 1.26 (1.04–1.52) | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) | 1.54 (1.33–1.78) | 1.49 (1.24–1.80) |
| Not graduated 9th grade | 1.98 (1.73–2.27) | 3.08 (2.49–3.81) | 1.74 (1.39–2.19) | 2.42 (1.71–3.43) | 2.10 (1.78–2.49) | 3.58 (2.73–4.69) |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Higher education >4 years | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Higher education ≤4 years | 0.40 (0.33–0.49) | 0.39 (0.31–0.50) | 0.41 (0.31–0.56) | 0.41 (0.28–0.60) | 0.39 (0.30–0.50) | 0.38 (0.28–0.52) |
| Vocatinal education | 0.65 (0.54–0.78) | 0.48 (0.38–0.62) | 0.56 (0.42–0.74) | 0.43 (0.29–0.65) | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.50 (0.36–0.70) |
| No education | 0.38 (0.31–0.47) | 0.33 (0.25–0.45) | 0.35 (0.25–0.50) | 0.31 (0.19–0.51) | 0.38 (0.29–0.51) | 0.34 (0.23–0.50) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Self-employed | 2.60 (2.16–3.14) | 2.21 (1.74–2.81) | 2.90 (2.12–3.98) | 3.00 (2.00–4.51) | 2.44 (1.93–3.08) | 1.85 (1.38–2.49) |
| Homemakerc | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Retired | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) | 0.86 (0.66–1.13) | 0.73 (0.54–0.99) | 0.88 (0.58–1.35) | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) | 0.89 (0.62–1.26) |
| Student | 0.59 (0.48–0.73) | 0.68 (0.50–0.92) | 0.59 (0.42–0.83) | 0.77 (0.49–1.23) | 0.60 (0.46–0.79) | 0.64 (0.43–0.95) |
| Unemployed | 0.51 (0.35–0.73) | 0.55 (0.34–0.87) | 0.42 (0.23–0.76) | 0.45 (0.22–0.93) | 0.61 (0.38–0.97) | 0.70 (0.37–1.30) |
| Physical work load | ||||||
| Mainly seated | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Seated/standing or walking | 0.73 (0.65–0.82) | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) | 0.66 (0.55–0.80) | 0.67 (0.52–0.85) | 0.77 (0.66–0.89) | 0.87 (0.72–1.06) |
| Heavy physical work | 1.97 (1.64–2.38) | 1.64 (1.26–2.13) | 1.42 (1.03–1.97) | 1.28 (0.82–2.02) | 2.31 (1.83–2.93) | 1.87 (1.34–2.60) |
| Recreational physical activity | ||||||
| No physical exercise | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Light physical exercise | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) | 1.16 (0.87–1.56) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 0.90 (0.73–1.11) |
| Heavy physical exercise | 1.67 (1.42–1.95) | 1.75 (1.42–2.15) | 1.77 (1.35–2.33) | 1.96 (1.37–2.81) | 1.63 (1.34–1.98) | 1.68 (1.30–2.18) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Underweight | 0.22 (0.13–0.36) | 0.32 (0.18–0.58) | 0.29 (0.13–0.64) | 0.46 (0.20–1.07) | 0.18 (0.09–0.36) | 0.22 (0.09–0.53) |
| Normal weight | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Overweight | 2.29 (2.05–2.55) | 2.39 (2.07–2.76) | 2.36 (1.96–2.83) | 2.21 (1.74–2.80) | 2.24 (1.95–2.56) | 2.50 (2.09–3.00) |
| Obese class I–III | 1.42 (1.19–1.68) | 1.74 (1.37–2.20) | 1.29 (0.96–1.75) | 1.57 (1.05–2.34) | 1.47 (1.19–1.82) | 1.82 (1.36–2.45) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Former smoker | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) | 1.24 (0.94–1.62) | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) |
| Current smoker | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) | 1.27 (0.99–1.63) | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 1.12 (0.92–1.35) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Never/seldom | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Monthly | 1.65 (1.41–1.92) | 1.79 (1.46–2.20) | 1.57 (1.20–2.04) | 1.54 (1.09–2.18) | 1.66 (1.37–2.01) | 1.92 (1.48–2.49) |
| Weekly | 3.23 (2.84–3.66) | 3.39 (2.84–4.04) | 3.31 (2.68–4.09) | 3.41 (2.55–4.54) | 3.14 (2.68–3.69) | 3.38 (2.71–4.22) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Marriedd | 0.93 (0.84–1.04) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 0.96 (0.81–1.15) | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 0.91 (0.80–1.34) | 0.89 (0.73–1.07) |
All significant values are marked with bold text
aOdds ratio adjusted for all other determinants and age
bAdjusted for all other determinants except educational level
cThe number in this category was negligible and excluded from the logistic regression model
dIncluding couples living together