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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2010 May 13;11(12):1291–1294. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.03.017

Table 3.

Mean level of pain and standard deviation (SD) according to family characteristics

	Number	Mean pain level (SD)	P

Gender of own child
Female	23	22.2 (18.4)	0.49
Male	36	28.9 (26.0)

Race
African American	41	25.0 (23.7)	0.19
Bi-racial	4	28.8 (27.2)	0.19
Caucasian	13	31.0 (21.7)

Education
College graduate	13	39.8 (26.4)	0.007
HS or GED	21	21.5 (21.0)	0.007
Less than HS	5	21.5 (21.6)
Some college/tech school	19	24.6 (21.0)

Insurance
Private	13	37.0 (25.3)	0.001
Public	44	22.9 (22.2)