Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.
| NI (n=585) | PI (n=124) | II (n=50) | SD (n=94) | p-value | adjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, y | 66.1 ± 12.1 (68) | 67.9 ± 10.6 (70) | 68.3 ± 9.2 (69) | 65.0±14.4 (66) | 0.34# | >0.999 |
| Male, n | 426 (72.8%) | 89 (71.8%) | 36 (72.0%) | 66 (70.2%) | 0.96 | >0.999 |
| HF duration, mos | 61± 64(41) | 69 ± 67(55) | 76 ± 73 (59) | 72 ± 81(50) | 0.45 | 0.999 |
| ECG Findings | ||||||
| QRS duration, ms | 171 ± 30 (169) | 168 ± 30 (160) | 172 ± 34 (170) | 170 ± 32 (170) | 0.67 | 0.998 |
| RBBB, n | 59 (10.3%) | 9 (7.4%) | 6 (12.0%) | 17 (18.9%) | 0.05 | 0.986 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes, n | 204 (34.9%) | 53 (43.1%) | 27 (54.0%) | 35 (37.6%) | 0.03 | >0.999 |
| GFR, mL/min | 62 ± 24 (60) | 55 ± 20 (54) | 52 ± 26 (48) | 59 ± 28 (59) | 0.001# | 0.992 |
| Known atrial fibrillation, n | 274 (46.8%) | 71 (57.7%) | 29 (58.0%) | 44 (48.4%) | 0.09 | >0.999 |
| Ischemic HF, n | 317 (54.3%) | 83 (66.9%) | 32 (64.0%) | 56 (60.2%) | 0.04 | 0.995 |
| NYHA class 4, n | 12 (2.1%) | 10 (8.1%) | 20 (40.0%) | 3 (3.2%) | <0.001 | - |
| Echocardiography | ||||||
| LVEF, % | 22.3 ± 6.9 (22) | 20.6 ± 6.4 (21) | 20.3 ± 7.4 (22) | 23.1±10.3 (22) | 0.07# | 0.999 |
| LVEDD, cm | 6.27 ± 0.88 (6.2) | 6.26 ± 0.95 (6.2) | 6.23 ± 1.00 (6.2) | 6.12±0.77 (6.0) | 0.65 | 0.895 |
| LVESD, cm | 5.34 ± 0.98 (5.3) | 5.32 ± 0.98 (5.4) | 5.43 ± 1.16 (5.6) | 4.98±0.99 (4.9) | 0.09 | 0.454 |
| Pharmacologic Therapy | ||||||
| β-blocker, n | 488 (83.4%) | 88 (71.0%) | 27 (54.0%) | 72 (77.4%) | <0.001 | 0.996 |
| ACE-I/ARB, n | 500 (85.5%) | 104 (83.9%) | 37 (74.0%) | 76 (81.7%) | 0.17 | >0.999 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n | 157 (26.8%) | 22 (17.7%) | 14 (28.0%) | 18 (19.4%) | 0.10 | >0.999 |
RBBB: right bundle-branch block. GFR: glomerular filtration rate. LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter. LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor. ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker. Numbers in parentheses are median values except if followed by %. P-values denoted with # are based on Kruskal-Wallis or Fisher's Exact tests. P-values reflect 4-way comparison. Adjusted p-values reflect adjustment for propensity scores.