Land uses and their default parameter values used for this study. Potential yield yp (t ha−1), price received p ($ t−1), variable cost Cv ($ ha−1), nitrogen requirement Nr (kg ha−1), nitrogen boost per tonne of crop yield or pasture biomass grown Nb (kg t−1), disease multiplier dm (−1 means return to minimum level), disease effect on crop s (proportion), weed seed survival ps (proportion), competition index kc, sowing density dc (plants m−2), crop–weed antagonism index awc and weed seed return wsr (proportion).