Table 3.
Odds of depression at Wave 2 based on unhealthy behaviors and past-year stressful life events at Wave 1, by race and sex, among non-Hispanic U.S.-born Blacks (N=6,065) and non-Hispanic U.S.-born Whites (N=19,216) in the general population
| White (N=19216) | Black (N=6065) | Two way interaction between race and unhealthy behavior | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% C.I.) | AOR (95% C.I.) | |||
| No stressors | Alcohol abuse/dependence or at least weekly binge drinking | 0.92 (0.54-1.55) | 1.85 (0.47-7.23) | 0.49, df=2, 0.61 |
| Non-pathological drinking | 1.04 (0.78-1.38) | 0.88 (0.34-2.29) | ||
| Abstention from alcohol | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Nicotine dependence | 1.79 (1.20-2.65) | 1.58 (0.50-4.99) | 0.19, df=2, 0.82 | |
| Non-pathological nicotine use | 1.20 (0.82-1.75) | 1.66 (0.69-3.98) | ||
| No nicotine use | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| BMI ≥35 | 1.29 (0.80-2.09) | 0.49 (0.21-1.14) | 1.98, df=2, 0.15 | |
| BMI >25-<35 | 0.90 (0.69-1.18) | 0.49 (0.26-0.93) | ||
| BMI ≤25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| High unhealthy behavior count | 1.60 (0.91-2.82) | 0.58 (0.13-2.52) | 3.35, df=2, 0.04 | |
| Low unhealthy behavior count | 1.39 (0.97-2.01) | 0.42 (0.18-0.96) | ||
| No unhealthy behaviors | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 1-2 stressors | Alcohol abuse/dependence or at least weekly binge drinking | 1.15 (0.84-1.57) | 0.60 (0.32-1.15) | 1.50, df=2, 0.23 |
| Non-pathological drinking | 0.93 (0.76-1.13) | 0.75 (0.46-1.21) | ||
| Abstention from alcohol | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Nicotine dependence | 1.65 (1.28-2.12) | 1.26 (0.74-2.12) | 0.34, df=2, 0.71 | |
| Non-pathological nicotine use | 1.04 (0.79-1.38) | 1.22 (0.57-2.60) | ||
| No nicotine use | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| BMI ≥35 | 1.11 (0.81-1.53) | 1.30 (0.82-2.08) | 0.98, df=2, 0.38 | |
| BMI >25-<35 | 1.09 (0.91-1.31) | 0.92 (0.64-1.32) | ||
| BMI ≤25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| High unhealthy behavior count | 1.38 (0.93-2.04) | 1.24 (0.53-2.90) | 0.38, df=2, p=0.69 | |
| Low unhealthy behavior count | 1.06 (0.79-1.43) | 1.29 (0.74-2.24) | ||
| No unhealthy behaviors | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 3 or more stressors | Alcohol abuse/dependence or at least weekly binge drinking | 1.20 (0.90-1.60) | 1.18 (0.69-2.04) | 0.22, df=2, 0.80 |
| Non-pathological drinking | 0.96 (0.76-1.22) | 0.82 (0.55-1.21) | ||
| Abstention from alcohol | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Nicotine dependence | 1.44 (1.15-1.80) | 0.96 (0.62-1.48) | 1.90, df=2, 0.16 | |
| Non-pathological nicotine use | 0.94 (0.71-1.24) | 0.62 (0.37-1.05) | ||
| No nicotine use | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| BMI ≥35 | 1.81 (1.39-2.37) | 1.19 (0.73-1.94) | 1.49, df=2, 0.23 | |
| BMI >25-<35 | 1.43 (1.18-1.74) | 1.21 (0.83-1.77) | ||
| BMI ≤25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| High unhealthy behavior count | 2.03 (1.26-3.27) | 1.12 (0.52-2.45) | 1.36 df=2, 0.26 | |
| Low unhealthy behavior count | 1.39 (0.92-2.11) | 1.13 (0.57-2.25) | ||
| No unhealthy behaviors | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Three way interctions | Stress by race by | |||
| Alcohol consumption | 0.55, df=12, 0.87 | |||
| Nicotine consumption | 0.91, df=12, 0.54 | |||
| BMI | 2.11, df=12, 0.03 | |||
| UHB count | 1.02, df=12, 0.44 | |||
Bold text indicates statistical significance at p<0.05
AOR = odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, past-year personal income, education, region of residence, and major depression at Wave 1