Table 5.

Reasons given for attitudes to IRS and ITNs

Reason	Attitude to each intervention
	Pro-IRS respondents (all three countries)		Pro-ITN respondents (Mozambique only)
	IRS	ITNs	ITNs	IRS
Research evidence	Cited history and surveillance data		Cited trials
Local conditions	Suit IRS	Reason for not taking up ITN trial results		Reason for not using IRS in tropical Mozambique
Logistic feasibility		Needs developed health system and excellent logistics		Difficult in rural areas
Past experience	Weighed heavily	Little experience of ITN use
Reaction to ideas from outside the country	Defensiveness regarding DDT use (South Africa)	Lack of ownership (Mozambique and Zimbabwe)	Engagement with international debates on ITNs	Concerns about regional pressure for IRS
Community acceptability	Admitted problems (South Africa)	Culturally unacceptable	Admitted problems	Invasion of privacy. Irritative effect of DDT on other biting insects
Role of government and NGOs	Public health intervention controlled by government	Individual intervention, often implemented by NGOs	Role for NGOs	Appeals to those who favour government control
Harm from insecticides				Danger of insecticides, particularly if fall into wrong hands