Table 3.
Associations between heavy metals concentration and mortality in the cohort of residents in the area of Coriano (Italy) by cause of death (ICD-9) and gender.
| Heavy metals† | Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cause (ICD-9) | obs§ | RR§§ | 95% CI | obs§ | RR§§ | 95% CI | |||
| All causes (0-999) | I | 549 | 1.00 | - | - | 495 | 1.00 | - | - |
| II | 503 | 1.14* | 1.00 | 1.29 | 514 | 1.19* | 1.09 | 1.30 | |
| III | 502 | 1.05 | 0.92 | 1.19 | 460 | 1.09* | 1.00 | 1.20 | |
| IV | 199 | 1.01 | 0.86 | 1.20 | 185 | 1.12* | 1.00 | 1.27 | |
| Cardiovascular diseases (390-459) | I | 215 | 1.00 | - | - | 195 | 1.00 | - | - |
| II | 183 | 1.01 | 0.82 | 1.24 | 235 | 1.39* | 1.14 | 1.70 | |
| III | 191 | 1.06 | 0.86 | 1.29 | 194 | 1.21 | 0.98 | 1.49 | |
| IV | 72 | 0.98 | 0.75 | 1.29 | 78 | 1.32 | 1.00 | 1.72 | |
| Ischaemic heart diseases (410-414) | I | 101 | 1.00 | - | - | 73 | 1.00 | - | - |
| II | 77 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.14 | 81 | 1.26 | 0.90 | 1.76 | |
| III | 77 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 1.26 | 75 | 1.24 | 0.88 | 1.73 | |
| IV | 27 | 0.79 | 0.51 | 1.22 | 25 | 1.14 | 0.72 | 1.82 | |
| Respiratory diseases (460-519 ) | I | 19 | 1.00 | - | - | 26 | 1.00 | - | - |
| II | 31 | 2.07* | 1.14 | 3.77 | 26 | 1.18 | 0.67 | 2.11 | |
| III | 23 | 1.35 | 0.72 | 2.53 | 19 | 0.92 | 0.50 | 1.70 | |
| IV | 7 | 1.01 | 0.42 | 2.45 | 4 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 1.56 | |
| Chronic pulmonary - | I | 15 | 1.00 | - | - | 13 | 1.00 | - | - |
| diseases (490496) | II | 16 | 1.40 | 0.67 | 2.95 | 12 | 1.09 | 0.47 | 2.52 |
| III | 14 | 0.99 | 0.47 | 2.12 | 10 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 2.19 | |
| IV | 3 | 0.53 | 0.15 | 1.86 | 1 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 2.06 | |
* p-value < 0.05; † Categories of heavy metals: I (reference) <0.5 ng/m3; II 0.5-1 ng/m3; III 1-2 ng/m3; IV >2 ng/m3; § Observed cases; §§ Rate Ratios vs reference category, adjusted by age and socioeconomic status. Period: 1990-2003.