Figure 5. Ibudilast inhibits Tat-induced TNFα transcript levels.
BV-2 cells (2.5×105) were left untreated (NT) or were treated with Tat (100 nM) for 4 h with or without pre-treatment for 30 min. with increasing concentrations of ibudilast (Ib) or vehicle (Veh). Total RNA was collected, reverse transcribed using oligo-dT primers, and subjected to Real-Time SYBR Green RT-PCR amplification. Fold induction of TNFα mRNA species was normalized to those of GAPDH and presented as a function of the expression level in NT samples. Data represent mean ± SEM of values derived from three replicates from a single representative experiment. Statistical significance (***, p<0.001 or *, p<0.05) is denoted as compared to Tat-treated samples.