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. 2011 Apr 8;6(4):e18689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018689

Figure 3. In vitro differentiation of human osteoclasts by IL-34 and RANKL.

Figure 3

CD14+ human mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood followed by purification with anti-CD14 coated meganetic beads. The cells were cultured with RANKL alone or RANKL combined either with M-CSF or with human IL-34 at the indicated concentrations for 9 days. Cells were fixed followed by TRAP and Hoechst 33258 staining. Three independent experiments were performed. Representative images are shown with a maginification of 20× and 40×. Bars, 100 µm. The right panel showed the quantitation of the number of TRAP+ mononuclear cells and TRAP+ multinucleared cells (≥3 nuclei, shown as OC-like cells) counted under microscopy. Data shown were average number counted from four wells. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed and was followed by Turkey's and Dunnett's post-hoc test by using SPSS statistic analysis software. *: The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.