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Monte Carlo simulation of dual-angle and phase-sensitive B1 mapping methods. The mean bias (upper panels) and standard deviation (lower panels) of the flip angle estimate obtained by each method over a range of actual flip angles are shown for values of system SNR ranging from 5 to 15 (panels a–c). The phase-sensitive method is seen to have lower flip angle estimate mean bias and lower standard deviation over most of the measurable range of flip angles.
