Table 3.
Factors Associated with making any ED Visit within the past 6 months
| Bivariate OR (95% CI) Associated with an ED Visit |
Multivariate OR (95% CI) Associated with any ED Visit |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 18–49 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| ≥50 | 0.94 (0.69–1.28) | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) |
| Race | ||
| White | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Black | 1.45 (0.98–2.13) | 1.27 (0.82–1.98) |
| Hispanic | 1.00 (0.60–1.67) | 0.94 (0.53–1.65) |
| Other | 1.72 (0.79–3.73) | 1.38 (0.59–3.23) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 5.63 (0.13) | 2.21 (0.53) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Female | 1.98 (1.46–2.69)* | 1.95 (1.33–2.86)* |
| HIV Risk Factor | ||
| IDU | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| MSM | 0.45 (0.31–0.66)* | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) |
| HET | 0.72 (0.50–1.04) | 0.67 (0.44–1.02) |
| Other/missing | 0.54 (0.31–0.91)* | 0.51 (0.28–0.92)* 6.40 (0.09) |
| CD4 in 2003 (cells/mm3) | ||
| <50 | 1.72 (0.87–3.44) | 1.41 (0.64–3.10) |
| 50–199 | 1.06 (0.64–1.74) | 0.92 (0.52–1.60) |
| 200–499 | 1.07 (0.74–1.57) | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) |
| >499 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0(Ref) |
| Missing | 1.21 (0.74–1.98) | 2.65 (0.58–12.11) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 2.66 (0.61) | 2.64 (0.62) |
| HIV-1 RNA (copies/ml) | ||
| <400 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| ≥400 | 0.85 (0.61 −1.17) | 1.05 (0.71 −1.55) |
| Missing | 0.97 (0.61 – 1.54) | 0.44 (0.10– 1.98) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 1.05 (0.59) | 1.27 (0.53) |
| Receipt of HAART | ||
| No | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Yes | 0.87 (0.64–1.17) | 0.99 (0.70–1.39) |
| Bodily Pain | ||
| 1st Quartile | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 2nd Quartile | 1.56 (0.99–2.50) | 1.36 (0.83–2.23) |
| 3rd Quartile | 2.30 (1.45–3.63)* | 2.10 (1.28–3.44)* |
| 4th Quartile | 3.04 (1.98–4.68)* | 2.36 (1.47–3.81)* |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 29.36 (0.00) | 15.79 (0.001) |
| Illicit drug use | ||
| Current | 1.90 (1.30–2.77)* | 1.85 (1.20–2.86)* |
| Former | 1.82 (1.25–2.66)* | 1.59 (1.04–2.41)* |
| Never | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 12.85 (0.00) | 8.12 (0.02) |
| Alcohol use | ||
| Hazardous/Binge drinking | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Social EtOH | 1.61 (0.93–2.81) | 1.76 (0.98–3.14) |
| No EtOH | 1.95 (1.16–3.28)* | 1.94 (1.06–3.57)* |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 6.81 (0.03) | 4.72 (0.09) |
| Education | ||
| < High School | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| H.S. or Junior College | 0.86 (0.62 −1.19) | 1.07 (0.74–1.54) |
| College or More | 0.53 (0.31 −0.89) | 0.85 (0.46–1.56) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 6.13 (0.05) | 0.80 (0.67) |
| Employment | ||
| Working | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Retired | 1.80 (1.10–2.96)* | 1.24 (0.71–2.19) |
| Disabled | 2.20 (1.50–3.22)* | 1.27 (0.80–2.04) |
| Unemployed | 1.31 (0.73–2.34) | 0.92 (0.48–1.77) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 18.03 (0.00) | 1.87 (0.60) |
| Insurance | ||
| Private | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Medicaid | 2.89 (1.78–4.70)* | 2.09 (1.20–3.65)* |
| Medicare | 1.15 (0.64–2.09) | 0.97 (0.51–1.87) |
| Medicaid/Medicare | 1.97 (1.18–3.29)* | 1.44 (0.81–2.57) |
| None | 0.76 (0.39–1.49) | 0.86 (0.41–1.80) |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 29.54 (0.00) | 11.30 (0.02) |
| Primary Care Visits past 6 months |
||
| ≤3 | 1.0 (Ref) | 1.0 (Ref) |
| 4, 5 | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) | 0.95 (0.56–1.61) |
| 6, 7 | 1.65 (1.11–2.45)* | 1.38 (0.90–2.13) |
| ≥8 | 2.63 (1.79–3.87)* | 2.13 (1.38–3.27)* |
| Group Test (P-Value) | 26.44 (0.00) | 14.28 (0.002) |
Note: Group test is a chi-square test of the joint significance of all category indicators for a variable. Analyses included indicators for each HIVRN site (not shown).