. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 10.

Published in final edited form as: Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2010 Feb;40(1):50–62. doi: 10.1521/suli.2010.40.1.50

TABLE 3. Lifetime Drug Dependence by Degree of Self-Harm.

	NONE¹ (n = 580)	SM (self-mutilation only) (n = 117)	OR¹ (95% CI)²	SA (suicide attempt only) (n = 184)	OR¹ (95% CI)²	BOTH (both self-mutilation and attempted suicide (n = 111)	OR¹ (95% CI)²
% Cannabis	43	47	ns	60	2.16 (1.52–3.09)^**	64	2.36 (1.51–3.68)^**
% Sedative	22	28	ns	33	1.62 (1.11–2.36)^*	53	4.20 (2.70–6.54)^**
% Stimulants	37	39	ns	48	1.61 (1.14–2.27)^*	60	2.87 (1.86–4.42)^**
% Cocaine	22	26	ns	36	1.89 (1.32–2.74)^*	33	1.94 (1.22–3.07)^*
% Opioids	69	63	ns	78	ns	76	ns
% Alcohol	33	44	1.85 (1.22–2.81)^*	41	ns	53	2.63 (1.72–4.04)^**
Mean number of drug classes^#	1.5	1.7	1.25 (1.06–1.47)^*	2.0	1.39 (1.22–1.59)^**	2.4	1.84 (1.55–2.19)^**

Reference group: no self-harm history;

Adjusted for age, gender, and employment status.

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.001

Includes alcohol; does not include opioid dependence.