Table 1.
Estimated regression coefficients and standard errors of all clinical predictors and gene signatures for the breast cancer data example
| Gehan’s estimator | LASSO | Adaptive LASSO | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| clinical predictors |
||||||
| age (decades) | 0.264 | (0.166)1 | 0.123 | (0.068) | 0.000 | (–) |
| tumor size (diameter, cm) | −0.132 | (0.129) | −0.042 | (0.024) | −0.056 | (0.033) |
| tumor grade | ||||||
| grade 3 vs 1 | −0.678 | (0.396) | −0.225 | (0.082) | −0.281 | (0.205) |
| grade 2 vs 1 | −0.405 | (0.342) | 0.000 | (–) | 0.000 | (–) |
| vascular invasion | ||||||
| 1-3 vessels vs 0 vessel | 0.268 | (0.312) | 0.000 | (–) | 0.000 | (–) |
| > 3 vessels vs 0 vessel | −0.122 | (0.557) | −0.276 | (0.104) | −0.453 | (0.047) |
| estrogen receptor status | −0.261 | (0.455) | 0.000 | (–) | 0.000 | (–) |
| (positive vs negative) | ||||||
| mastectomy vs breast conserving therapy | −0.166 | (0.213) | −0.053 | (0.035) | 0.000 | (–) |
| No adjuvant vs chemo or hormonal therapy | 0.096 | (0.287) | 0.000 | (–) | 0.000 | (–) |
| the number of lymph nodes | −0.024 | (0.078) | −0.013 | (0.006) | 0.000 | (–) |
| NIH risk status | 0.208 | (0.387) | 0.000 | (–) | 0.000 | (–) |
| (high vs. intermediate or low) | ||||||
| gene signatures |
||||||
| wound response | −1.198 | (0.683) | −1.493 | (0.371) | −1.915 | (0.505) |
| 70-gene | 1.181 | (0.523) | 0.417 | (0.119) | 0.945 | (0.334) |
| normal-like | 0.460 | (1.675) | 0.561 | (0.297) | 0.000 | (–) |
| ErbB2 | −2.926 | (1.230) | −0.395 | (0.151) | −2.161 | (0.761) |
| luminal A | −1.827 | (1.512) | 0.000 | (–) | −1.478 | (0.635) |
| luminal B, | 0.729 | (1.577) | −0.251 | (0.109) | 0.000 | (–) |
| basal-like | −0.763 | (1.619) | 0.000 | (–) | 0.315 | (0.120) |
1
The estimated standard error for the point estimator