Table 2.
The clinical and laboratory characteristics of case patients
| All genotypes | HbAA | HbAS | SCA | P ‖ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncomplicated malaria | |||||
| n | 807 (100) | 770 (95.4) | 35 (4.34) | 2 (0.25) | |
| Males | 421 (52.2) | 397 (51.5) | 24 (68.6) | 0 | .24# |
| Age, mo* | 23 (12-37) | 23 (12-37) | 18 (13-31) | 55 (54-55) | .02 |
| Hemoglobin† | 7.6 (7.4-7.7) | 7.5 (7.4-7.7) | 8.6 (7.9-9.5)‡ | 3.6 (2.0-6.5) | < .001** |
| Hemoglobin < 5 g/dL | 95 (11.8) | 90 (11.7) | 3 (8.6) | 2 (100) | .014†† |
| Fatal outcome | 3 (0.37) | 3 (0.39) | 0 | 0 | 1.00# |
| Severe malaria | |||||
| n | 1393 (100) | 1357 (97.4) | 31 (2.2) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Males | 699 (50.1) | 681 (50.1) | 16 (51.6) | 2 (40.0) | .68# |
| Age, mo* | 26 (15-37) | 26 (15-37) | 28 (13-41) | 9 (7-41) | .25‡‡ |
| Hemoglobin† | 6.1 (6.0-6.2) | 6.1 (6.0-6.2) | 6.7 (5.7-8.0) | 3.2 (2.0-5.0) | < .001** |
| Hemoglobin < 5 g/dL | 423 (30.4) | 412 (30.4) | 7 (22.6) | 4 (80.0) | .03# |
| Fatal outcome | 141 (10.1) | 136 (10.0) | 1 (3.2) | 4 (80.0) | .0005# |
| Nonmalaria illnesses | |||||
| n | 743 (100) | 636 (85.6) | 86 (11.6) | 21 (3.3) | |
| Males | 435 (58.5) | 376 (58.9) | 45 (52.3) | 14 (66.7) | .65# |
| Age, mo* | 10 (2-10) | 10 (2-19) | 10 (1.75-18) | 19 (15-31) | .002‡‡ |
| Hemoglobin† | 9.6 (9.3-9.8) | 9.6 (9.3-9.9) | 10.3 (9.8-10.9) | 5.2 (4.3-6.4) | < .001** |
| Hemoglobin < 5 g/dL | 40 (5.4) | 30 (4.7) | 1 (1.2) | 9 (43.9) | < .001# |
| Fatal outcome | 48 (6.5) | 41 (6.1) | 6 (7.0) | 1 (4.8) | 1.00# |
| Bacteremia | |||||
| n | 1497 (100) | 1280 (85.5) | 134 (9.0) | 83¶ (5.5) | |
| Males | 861 (57.5) | 722 (56.4) | 86 (64.2) | 53 (63.9) | .18 |
| Age, mo* | 8 (1-21) | 9 (2-22) | 6.5 (1-19) | 14 (7-31) | < .001‡‡ |
| Hemoglobin† | 8.4 (8.2-8.5) | 8.2 (8.0-8.4) | 9.0 (8.5-9.6) | 6.4 (5.8-7.0) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin < 5 g/dL | 155 (10.4) | 128 (10.0) | 4 (3.0)§ | 23 (27.7) | <.001 |
| Fatal outcome | 366 (24.5) | 312 (24.4) | 36 (26.9) | 18 (21.7) | 0.58 |
Values are the number of subjects with percentages in parentheses with the following exceptions:
*
median (interquartile range); and
†
geometric mean concentration (g/dL; 95% CI).
‡
P = .007.
§
P < .001.
‖
Compared with HbAA children.
¶
The organisms associated with bacteremia among the SCA group were as follows: Streptococcus pneumoniae, 33 (40%); Staphylococcus aureus, 6 (7%); other Gram-positive organisms, 3 (4%); non-typhi Salmonella species, 14 (17%); Haemophilus influenzae, 13 (16%); Escherichia coli, 6 (7%); Acinetobacter species, 4 (5%); and other Gram-negative organisms 4 (5%).
#
χ2 test.
**
Two-tailed Student t test.
††
Cornfield exact test.
‡‡
Mann-Whitney rank-sum test.