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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 10.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2010 Dec 10;143(6):991–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.021

Table 1.

Buffering Relationships between Kinases and Phosphatases

Gene 1 Gene 2 Type Duplication Time (Years Ago) Buffering Relationship
HAL5 SAT4 kk old 600 M – 2 G complete redundancy
ARK1 PRK1 kk whole genome 125 M complete redundancy
PTP2 PTP3 pp recent 125 M – 600 M complete redundancy
YCK1 YCK2 kk whole genome 125 M complete redundancya
PTC1 PTC2 pp old 600 M – 2 G quantitative redundancy
PTC1 PPH3 pp not homologous quantitative redundancy
PBS2 PTK2 kk ancient >2G mixed epistasis
CLA4 SLT2 kk ancient >2G mixed epistasis
CLA4 HSL1 kk ancient >2G mixed epistasis
SNF1 RIM11 kk ancient >2G mixed epistasis
BCK1 PTP3 kp not homologous mixed epistasis
SLT2 PTP3 kp not homologous mixed epistasis
FUS3b KSS1 kk recent 125 M – 600 M mixed epistasis
ELM1 MIH1 kp not homologous mixed epistasisc
CLA4 BCK1 kk ancient >2G mixed epistasisc
DUN1 PPH3 kp not homologous mixed epistasisc
CKA2 CKA1 kk recent 125 M – 600 M not classifieda
YPK1b YPK2 kk whole genome 125 M not classifieda
PTK1 PTK2 kk whole genome 125 M not classifieda
HSL1 MIH1 kp not homologous not classifieda
SKY1 PTK2 kk ancient >2G not classifieda
a

Double mutant is inviable, confirming a buffering effect.

b

Included based on previously reported redundancy.

c

Double mutant was aneuploid; aneuploid chromosomes were excluded from analysis.

Determination of paralogy relative to important radiations and events was performed by integration of information available in several orthology and homology databases. The timings in years are estimates derived from literature (Extended Experimental Procedures).

k, kinase; p, phosphatase. See also Table S1 and Figure S3.