Longitudinal analyses of incident mobility limitation. Hazard ratios are for 1 SD increase in hormone levels, adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities (cardiovascular disease and cancer). As shown in the upper panel, each SD increase in free testosterone level was associated with 22% (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62–0.97) decrease in the risk of developing mobility limitation and 25% decrease n the risk of worsening mobility limitation (progression). The lower panel shows the association of low free testosterone (<2.5th percentile (<70.0 pg/ml)) at baseline examination 7 with the risk of developing (incident) mobility limitation at examination 8 or of reporting worsening mobility limitation (progression) at examination 8. The squares indicate point estimates for hormones, and the lines indicate 95% CI. Source: Framingham Offspring Study, Krasnoff et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010. 95 Copyright 2010, The Endocrine Society. Used with permission.