Table 3. Baseline spirometric parameters and risk for heart failure.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR† (95% CI) | P | HR† (95% CI) | P | |
| Total study population (n=2125) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.26 (1.18-1.34) | <.001 | 1.20 (1.12-1.28) | <.001 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.33 (1.23-1.44) | <.001 | 1.24 (1.14-1.34) | <.001 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 1.35 (1.14-1.60) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.00-1.46) | .05 |
| Men (n=1074) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.27 (1.17-1.39) | <.001 | 1.20 (1.09-1.31) | <.001 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.40 (1.25-1.56) | <.001 | 1.28 (1.13-1.43) | <.001 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 1.27 (1.02-1.58) | .04 | 1.16 (0.91-1.48) | .24 |
| Women (n=1051) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.23 (1.12-1.36) | <.001 | 1.22 (1.11-1.35) | <.001 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.25 (1.12-1.40) | <.001 | 1.25 (1.12-1.40) | <.001 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 1.42 (1.08-1.85) | .01 | 1.32 (1.00-1.74) | .05 |
| White (n=1324) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.27 (1.16-1.38) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.12-1.35) | <.001 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.37 (1.23-1.53) | <.001 | 1.29 (1.15-1.45) | <.001 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 1.38 (1.09-1.75) | .008 | 1.27 (0.99-1.64) | .06 |
| Black (n=801) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.26 (1.15-1.38) | <.001 | 1.17 (1.07-1.29) | .001 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.31 (1.18-1.46) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.08-1.35) | .001 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 1.33 (1.05-1.69) | .02 | 1.15 (0.88-1.49) | .31 |
| Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (n=96) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.23 (1.12-1.37) | <.001 | 1.16 (1.05-1.29) | .006 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.26 (1.11-1.43) | <.001 | 1.17 (1.03-1.33) | .01 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 1.49 (1.15-1.93) | .002 | 1.31 (0.98-1.75) | .065 |
| Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (n=91) | ||||
| % predicted FEV1 | 1.22 (1.10-1.35) | <.001 | 1.18 (1.05-1.32) | .004 |
| % predicted FVC | 1.34 (1.18-1.52) | <.001 | 1.25 (1.10-1.43) | .001 |
| FEV1 to FVC ratio | 0.95 (0.69-1.29) | .73 | 0.90 (0.65-1.26) | .55 |
*
Adjusted for body mass index, previously identified predictors of heart failure in the Health ABC Study (age, history of coronary artery disease, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiography, and creatinine, fasting glucose, and albumin levels) and incident coronary heart disease.
†
Hazard ratios refer to 10% percent decrease of the parameter.
CI= confidence interval; HR=hazard ratio; FEV1=forced expiratory volume in 1st sec; FVC=forced vital capacity