Table 1.
Clinical characteristics by initial vasopressor (all patients, n = 82)
| Phenylephrine (n = 47) | Dopamine (n = 24) | Norepinephrine (n = 8) | Epinephrine (n = 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age1, years | 13 (1.1, 17) | 7 (0.1, 17) | 15 (2.9, 17) | 1.9 (0.3, 16) |
| Male | 68% | 79% | 88% | 33% |
| Head AIS score2 | 5 (5, 5) | 5 (4.5, 5) | 5 (5, 5) | 5 (3, 5) |
| ISS2 | 34 (25, 43) | 29 (25.5, 46.5) | 50 (32, 57) | 35 (9, 43) |
| GCS score at ICU admission2 | 5 (3, 6) | 3 (3, 5.5) | 6 (3.5, 7) | 3 (3, 3) |
| Blood products2,3, ml/kg | 7 (0, 25) | 8 (0, 20) | 0 (0, 0) | 80 (9, 244) |
| Fluid balance2,3, ml/kg | 18 (2, 49) | 21 (−30, 59) | 18 (10, 55) | 210 (52, 308) |
| LOS of survivors2, days | 18 (11, 24) | 10 (4, 20) | 28 (16, 41) | − |
| Time to pressor start2,4, h | 11 (3, 30) | 10 (3, 21) | 64 (3.5, 116.5) | 1 (−1, 2) |
| In-hospital mortality | 35% | 46% | 25% | 100% |
| Polytrauma | 55% | 42% | 88% | 33% |
| Addition of 2nd pressor5 | 9% | 21% | 13% | 100% |
| Propofol5 | 38% | 13% | 38% | − |
| Hypertonic saline5 | 34% | 17% | 63% | − |
| Mannitol5 | 43% | 29% | 38% | 33% |
| Furosemide5 | 4% | 4% | − | − |
| Pentobarbital5 | 2% | 8% | − | − |
| Vasopressin for DI5 | − | 13% | − | − |
DI = Diabetes insipidus.
1
Median (min., max.).
2
Median (IQR).
3
Over 12 h (6 h before and 6 h after start of first vasopressor).
4
Time in hours to start of pressor after admission to ICU (negative values indicate start of medication prior to arrival in ICU, i.e. started in the emergency department).
5
Administered anytime during the first 3 h after start of first vasopressor.