Table 3.
Binary logistic regression analyses of smoking phenotypes stratified by CYP2A6 genotype-predicted metabolizer status and sex
| Males (N = 1,227) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics related with smoking behavior# | N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | Trend test† |
| Age of starting smoking regularly | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 594 (48.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.015 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 190 (15.5) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) | 1.07 (0.76–1.51) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 299 (24.4) | 1.19 (0.89–1.58) | 1.26 (0.94–1.69) | |
| Poor metabolizer | 144 (11.7) | 1.40 (0.97–2.02) | 1.55 (1.06–2.26)* | |
| Smoking duration (years) § | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 180 (55.7) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.002 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 57 (17.6) | 0.81 (0.45–1.48) | 0.75 (0.38–1.48) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 59 (18.3) | 0.35 (0.18–0.68)* | 0.36 (0.17–0.75)* | |
| Poor metabolizer | 27 (8.4) | 0.32 (0.12–0.83)* | 0.33 (0.12–0.94)* | |
| Daily cigarette consumption §§ | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 414 (45.8) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.002 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 133 (14.7) | 0.99 (0.67–1.47) | 0.99 (0.67–1.47) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 240 (26.5) | 0.77 (0.56–1.07) | 0.77 (0.56–1.07) | |
| Poor metabolizer | 117 (12.9) | 0.49 (0.32–0.76)* | 0.49 (0.32–0.76)* | |
| Smoking cessation | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 573 (48.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p < 0.001 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 186 (15.6) | 0.97(0.67–1.38) | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 289 (24.2) | 0.56(0.40–0.78)* | 0.59 (0.41–0.83)* | |
| Poor metabolizer | 144 (12.1) | 0.50(0.32–0.79)* | 0.54 (0.34–0.86)* | |
|
Females (N = 101) | ||||
| Characteristics related with smoking behavior# | N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | Trend test † |
| Age of starting smoking regularly | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 55 (54.5) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.851 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 15 (14.9) | 0.69 (0.22–2.21) | 0.67 (0.21–2.16) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 22 (21.8) | 1.04 (0.39–2.79) | 1.02 (0.38–2.76) | |
| Poor metabolizer | 9 (8.9) | 0.83 (0.20–3.42) | 0.82 (0.20–3.40) | |
| Smoking duration (years) § | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 14 (40.0) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.866 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 7 (20.0) | 1.33 (0.22–8.29) | 2.99 (0.34–26.37) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 10 (28.6) | 0.67 (0.13–3.45) | 0.87 (0.15–5.04) | |
| Poor metabolizer | 4 (11.4) | 1.00 (0.11–9.23) | 1.92 (0.18–20.93) | |
| Daily cigarette consumption §§ | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 41 (62.1) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.164 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 8 (12.1) | 0.31 (0.03–2.78) | 0.30 (0.03–2.72) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 12 (18.2) | 0.72 (0.17–3.10) | 0.71 (0.16–3.07) | |
| Poor metabolizer | 5 (7.6) | - | - | |
| Smoking cessation | ||||
| Normal metabolizer | 50 (53.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | p = 0.468 |
| Intermediate metabolizer | 15 (16.0) | 0.88(0.28–2.78) | 0.91 (0.28–2.96) | |
| Slow metabolizer | 21 (22.3) | 0.75(0.27–2.09) | 0.77 (0.27–2.15) | |
| Poor metabolizer | 8 (8.5) | 0.60 (0.13–2.79) | 0.61 (0.13–2.86) | |
Note. The smoking cessation was defined by 0 = no, 1 = yes, and the other dependent variables were defined by 0 = less than or equal to the median, 1 = larger than the median;
†
Binary logistic regression adjusted for age; -: Insufficient small sample size for LR to generate ORs.
§
Smoking duration results for former smokers only;
§§
Smoking quantity results for current smokers only; Results for others measures included current regular smokers and former smokers; p-value for statistical trend of age-adjusted analyses;
*
p<0.05.