Table 5.

Proportional hazards models of nicotine dependence as a predictor of onset of psychiatric disorders (lifetime smokers by wave 5, n=814)

	Anxiety				Mood				Disruptive

	Unadjusted		Adjusted^a		Unadjusted		Adjusted^a		Unadjusted		Adjusted^a

Predictors	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI	Hazard Ratio	95% CI

Used tobacco/nicotine dependence (vs. used, no dependence criteria)^a
1 dependence criterion	1.85	0.91– 3.76	1.12	0.52– 2.39	1.24	0.61– 2.49	1.10	0.54– 2.26	2.81^***	1.66– 4.74	2.74^***	1.55– 4.84

Used tobacco/nicotine dependence (vs. used, <3 dependence criteria)
3 dependence criteria	1.60	0.56– 4.77	0.76	0.23– 2.49	2.02	0.77– 5.29	1.82	0.67– 4.96	3.55^***	1.75– 7.21	2.83^*	1.27– 6.29
Anxiety					4.67^***	3.08– 7.08	3.68^***	2.40– 5.66	1.85^*	1.16– 2.97	1.68^*	1.02– 2.74
Mood	4.82^***	2.90– 8.01	3.33^***	1.92– 5.76					1.43	0.86– 2.38	1.13	0.66– 1.93
Disruptive	2.91^***	1.82– 4.64	2.21^**	1.34– 3.63	2.37^***	1.63– 3.45	2.15^***	1.46– 3.16
Female (vs. male)	1.70^**	1.14– 2.57	1.66^*	1.10– 2.52	2.14^***	1.52– 3.02	2.31^***	1.62– 3.29	0.95	0.74– 1.23	0.90	0.69– 1.16
Race/ethnicity (vs. white)
African American	0.93	0.55– 1.57	0.93	0.54– 1.60	0.65^*	0.42– 0.99	0.57^*	0.36– 0.88	1.53^*	1.09– 2.15	1.48^*	1.04– 2.09
Hispanic	1.17	0.73– 1.88	1.20	0.72– 1.98	0.91	0.63– 1.31	0.95	0.64– 1.41	1.16	0.83– 1.63	1.29	0.91– 1.84
Initial sensitivity to tobacco
Pleasant sensations	1.39^*	1.01– 1.92	1.37	0.89– 2.12	1.31^*	1.02– 1.67	1.29	0.90– 1.85	1.31^*	1.06– 1.62	1.11	0.79– 1.54
Unpleasant sensations	1.06	0.79– 1.42	0.77	0.49– 1.20	1.21	0.98– 1.48	1.07	0.79– 1.46	1.21^*	1.01– 1.44	1.15	0.87– 1.52
Alcohol and other illicit drugs (OID) (vs. never used)
Alcohol or OID use, no abuse/dep	1.57	0.83– 2.99	1.34	0.68– 2.64	1.15	0.73– 1.82	1.14	0.71– 1.84	1.23	0.81– 1.87	1.10	0.71– 1.71
Alcohol abuse/dependence only	4.38^**	1.61–11.95	2.79	0.96– 8.12	0.91	0.23– 3.59	0.82	0.20– 3.31	2.18	0.89– 5.31	2.00	0.79– 5.03
OID abuse/dependence only	6.44^***	2.50–16.58	5.03^**	1.84–13.74	1.72	0.58– 5.05	1.13	0.36– 3.49	2.25	0.74– 6.79	1.59	0.50– 5.02
Alcohol and OID abuse/dependence	2.65	0.54–13.08	1.48	0.25– 8.72					1.98	0.43– 9.22	0.85	0.16– 4.46
Parent education lifetime
(vs. ≤ high school)	0.96	0.65– 1.41	0.97	0.64– 1.45	1.21	0.88– 1.65	1.23	0.88– 1.73	1.01	0.78– 1.30	1.02	0.78– 1.34
Parent smoked/nicotine dependent lifetime (vs. never smoked)
Smoked, never dependent	0.89	0.56– 1.42	0.80	0.49– 1.31	1.00	0.68– 1.48	0.90	0.60– 1.36	1.09	0.79– 1.51	1.02	0.73– 1.44
Ever dependent	1.19	0.72– 1.97	1.02	0.59– 1.78	1.39	0.91– 2.11	1.01	0.63– 1.62	1.69^**	1.20– 2.37	1.44	0.99– 2.09
Parent depression lifetime (vs. never)	1.91^**	1.17– 3.11	1.50	0.90– 2.50	2.59^***	1.78– 3.76	1.91^**	1.28– 2.84	1.37	0.96– 1.96	1.25	0.86– 1.81
Parent delinquency lifetime	1.09	0.97– 1.23	1.05	0.92– 1.20	1.19^***	1.10– 1.29	1.18^***	1.08– 1.29	1.13^**	1.05– 1.21	1.09^*	1.01– 1.19
−2 log L (df)			1258.34 (18)				1843.15 (18)				2965.23 (18)

p<0.05;

^**

p<0.01;

^***

p<0.001

Adjusted coefficients for covariates shown only for model with 3 nicotine dependence criteria as a predictor.