Table 2.
Causes for Abnormal Liver Tests Classified by Gender
| Etiological factor | Male (n=416) n (%) | Female (n=144) n(%) | Total (n=560) n(%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol alone | 102(24.51) | 0(0) | 102(18.21) | <0.05 |
| HBV (± alcohol) | 44(10.57) | 15(10.41) | 59(10.54) | >0.05 |
| HCV (± alcohol) | 9(2.16) | 8(5.55) | 17(3.04) | <0.05 |
| HBV and HCV (± alcohol) | 1(0.24) | 1(0.69) | 2(0.36) | >0.05 |
| NAFLD alone | 38(9.13) | 27(18.75) | 65(11.61) | <0.05 |
| MS alone | 122(29.32) | 18(12.5) | 140(25) | <0.05 |
| NAFLD and MS | 70(16.82) | 54(37.5) | 124(22.14) | <0.05 |
| Unexplained | 30(7.21) | 21(14.58) | 51(9.11) | <0.05 |
| Total n (%) | 416(100) | 144(100) | 560(100) |
HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Abnormal liver tests: ALT ≥45 IU/L and/or GG T ≥50 IU/L and/or AST ≥45 IU/L and/or platelet counts ≤130 X 109/L; CI, confidence interval; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver; alcohol alone, alcohol intake ≥28 g/d for more than two years; there were no smoking alone or poor sleep quality alone groups.
NAFLD was defined by fatty appearing liver on ultrasound with HBsAg (-), anti-HCV Ab (-), no excessive alcohol consumption, and no other known etiologies of liver disease.