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Scheme of two-step mating. Bacteria are represented by rounded rectangles and particular E. coli strains are indicated in bold. Plasmids are indicated together with their antibiotic resistance. In the first step, FΔTraI plasmid is transferred with help of non-transferable plasmid pET24a-traI. In the second step, transferred FΔTraI plasmid and transferred TraI protein facilitate transfer of pACYC177o300 plasmid. Kan, kanamycin; Amp, ampicillin; Tet, tetracycline; Strep, streptomycin.
