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. 2009 Dec;9(4):227–233.

Table 2.

Mean fluoride levels in ppm (± SD) in various drinking water sources in Nigeria

Geopolitical
Zone
Drinking Water Source

Water-Works River/
Streams
Shallow
Wells
Deep Wells Boreholes Ponds Others
N. Central
+ FCT
0.70±0.62 0.41±0.31 0.96±0.81 0.67±1.28 0.68±0.75 0.44±0.24 0.36±0.23
N. East 0.55±0.46 0.29±0.28 0.33±0.22 0.36±0.30 0.62±0.67 0.38±0.09 0.11±0.05
N. West 0.32±0.29 0.31±0.16 0.26±0.22 0.33±0.28 0.34±0.24 0.31±0.21 0.01±0.00
S. South 0.22±0.12 0.22±0.34 0.28±0.76 0.24±0.38 0.53±1.10 0.10±0.03 0.22±0.26
S. East 0.44±0.66 0.23±0.20 0.21±0.08 0.18±0.05 0.38±0.42 032±0.37 0.31±0.37
S. West 0.16±0.10 0.17±0.11 0.26±0.19 0.33±0.35 0.63±1.05 1.72±3.07 0.17±0.15
Total 0.39±0.44 0.27±0.26 0.39±0.60 0.40±0.67 0.50±0.75 0.50±1.16 0.24±0.28