Internal curvature signal (i.e., the Gaussian mean of the curvature-channel population output) and noise (i.e., the Gaussian standard deviation of the channel-population output) in response to a curved segment estimated from 8-stimulus curvature-present trials in experiment 2, shown along with the slopes for the correlation between reported curvature and confidence. The formats and labels are identical to those in Fig. 5, which presents similar data from experiment 1. For A–D, **P < 0.01, and *P < 0.05.