Table 4.

Summary of Results

	Age-Related Changes	Reversal of Age Effects by Fish Oil Ingestion*
Long-chain PUFA
C20:4n-6 (arachidonic)*	Increased	Yes
C20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic)*	No change	Yes
C22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic)*	No change	Yes
C22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic)*	No change (numerical increase, p = .07)	Yes
Cardiac measures
Posterior wall thickness	Increased	Yes
E/e’	Poorer	Yes
Fractional shortening	Less	No
Spatial learning
Reference memory	Impaired	No
Reversal learning	Impaired	No
Brain inflammation	Increased	No

Notes: PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids.

^*Reversal of the aging phenotype is defined as a value that is significantly different from the aged group. The data may or may not be different from the young group but should change in that direction as it is presumed that the young phenotype is less harmful than the aged phenotype.