A: effect of pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase (1,000 U/ml) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 25 mmol/l) on high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/l, for 24 h)-induced changes in mRNA expression of Nqo1, Gclc, and Hmox1 in cultured primary human CAECs. Data are means ± SE (n = 5 in each group). *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. HG only. B: effect of siRNA knockdown of Nrf2 (siNrf2) on H2O2 (10−5 mol/l, for 24 h)-induced changes in mRNA expression of Nqo1, Gclc, and Hmox1 in cultured primary human CAECs. Data are means ± SE (n = 5 in each group). *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. H2O2 only. C: effects of siNrf2 and overexpression of Keap-1 on sulforaphane (SFN, 2.5 μmol/l, for 24 h)-induced changes in mRNA expression of Nqo1, Gclc, and Hmox1 in cultured primary human CAECs. Data are means ± SE (n = 5 in each group). *P < 0.05 vs. control; #P < 0.05 vs. SFN only.