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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 Dec 13;129(4):470–480. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.314

Table 4.

Odds Ratios (95% CI's) for Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) by Healthy Diet Patterns and Lifestyles among women<75 years old in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study (n=1313).

Diet Pattern/Life Style Factor Number at Risk/Number with AMD Age-Adjusted OR (95% CI) Multiple-Variable Adjusted OR (95% CI)a Multiple Variable Further Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Modified Healthy Eating Index
Quintiles
    1 (42-59 points) 275/52 1.0 1.0 1.0e
    2 (60-63 points) 256/36 0.64(0.40-1.01) 0.65(0.40-1.04) 0.68(0.42-1.10)b
    3 (64-66 points) 253/38 0.68(0.43-1.08) 0.71(0.44-1.13) 0.77(0.48-1.24)b
    4 (67-69 points) 264/32 0.54(0.33-0.88) 0.58(0.35-0.93) 0.63(0.38-1.03)b
    5 (70-80 points) 265/29 0.51(0.31-0.82) 0.54(0.33-0.88) 0.64(0.38-1.07)b
P value for trendc 0.006 0.014 0.099
Alternative Mediterranean Diet
Categories
    1 (0-1 points) 490/69 1.0 1.0 1.0e
    2 (2-3 points) 518/88 1.20(0.85-1.69) 1.17(0.83-1.67) 1.24 (0.87-1.78)b
    3 (4-5 points) 247/27 0.76(0.47-1.21) 0.77(0.47-1.24) 0.89(0.54-1.43)b
    4 (6-9 points) 58/3 0.32(0.08-0.89) 0.34 (0.08-0.98) 0.44(0.10-1.27)b
P value for trendc 0.032 0.046 0.230
Total Physical Activity (Met-hours/week)
Quintiles
    1 (0-2.2) 275/49 1.0 1.0 1.0f
    2 (2.4-8) 253/38/ 0.80(0.50-1.26) 0.80(0.50-1.28) 0.8390.51-1.32)d
    3 (9-13) 252/33 0.63(0.39-1.02) 0.65(0.39-1.06) 0.71(0.43-1.17)d
    4 (14-24.5) 270/43 0.83(0.53-1.29) 0.88(0.55-1.39) 0.97(0.60-1.56)d
    5 (24.7-119) 263/24 0.44(0.26-0.73) 0.46(0.27-0.78) 0.52(0.30-0.89)d
P-value for trendc <0.001 0.002 0.009
Body Mass Index kg/m2
Categories
    Very Lean (16-22) 232/28 0.86(0.50-1.47) 0.86(0.50-1.48) 0.89(0.52-1.53)e
    Lean (23-25) 238/36 1.0 1.0 1.0g
    Overweight (26-29) 478/67 0.91(0.59-1.44) 0.88(0.56-1.39) 0.81(0.52-1.29)e
    Obese (30-34) 233/30 0.81(0.47-1.37) 0.78(0.45-1.33) 0.67(0.38-1.15)e
    Extremely Obese (35-62) 132/29 1.58(0.91-2.75) 1.36(0.76-2.41) 1.06(0.58-1.92)e
P-value for trend 0.29 0.65 0.49
Smoking
    Packyears
        0 726/102 1.0 1.0 1.0g
        1-7 315/41 1.01(0.67-1.48) 1.06(0.70-1.57) 1.10(0.73-1.64)e
        8-125 272/49 1.45(0.99-2.10) 1.45(0.98-2.12) 1.42(0.96-2.08)e
P-value for trendc 0.043 0.072 0.11
Healthy Living 6 Point Scale
Categories
    1 (0-2 points) 355/64 1.0 1.0 1.0h
    2 (3 points) 348/56 0.84(0.56-1.25) 0.85(0.56-1.27) 0.84(0.56-1.27)f
    3 (4 points) 307/40 0.63(0.40-0.96) 0.62(0.40-0.96) 0.64(0.40-1.00)f
    4 (5 points) 233/26 0.53(0.32-0.85) 0.53(0.32-0.87) 0.54(0.32-0.90)f
    5 (6 points) 70/4 0.27(0.08-0.68) 0.29(0.09-0.75) 0.29(0.08-0.76)f
P-value for trendc <.001 <.001 <.001