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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Fam Psychol. 2011 Apr;25(2):230–239. doi: 10.1037/a0022769

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for indicators of mother-child mutuality, maternal positivity and maternal negativity, by family type

Natural conception Gamete donation not informed Gamete donation informed
Mean SD Range Mean SD Range Mean SD Range
Mother-
child
mutuality
M responsiveness 5.32 .68 3–6 5.03 .68 3–6 5.00 .86 3–6
C responsiveness 4.82 .92 2–6 4.58 .98 1–6 4.35 .99 2–6
D reciprocity 1.80 1.01 0–5 1.53 .80 0–3 1.75 1.33 0–5
D cooperation 1.58 1.14 0–5 1.05 .80 0–3 1.35 .99 0–4
Maternal
Positivity
Interaction 1.46 .57 0–2 1.24 .61 0–2 1.17 .65 0–2
Warmth 1.06 .79 0–2 .84 .80 0–2 1.17 .72 0–2
Sensitivity 1.52 .64 0–2 1.10 .58 0–2 1.24 .62 0–2
Maternal
negativity
Frequency of battle 1.26 .76 0–2 1.31 .73 0–2 1.52 .67 0–2
Level of battle 1.15 .53 0–2 1.24 .43 1–2 1.26 .54 0–2
Criticism 1.11 .66 0–2 1.11 .61 0–2 1.09 .60 0–2
Aggression 1.11 .60 0–2 1.16 .64 0–2 1.30 .47 1–2