Table 5.

Multivariate ^† model odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), assessed from 2001–2004, among participants (<75 years) reporting high compared to low levels of sunlight exposure and consuming high compared to low intake of vitamin D from foods and supplements, assessed in1993–1998: Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study CAREDS (n=968).

Time spent in sunlight (hours/day)			< 1 hours	1 to 3 hours	>3 hours	P for trend*
# with AMD/# in sunlight category			49/384	75/483	15/101
Multivariate model ‡			1.0	1.15 (0.78–1.72)	1.15 (0.59–2.15)	0.46
Total vitamin D intake from foods and supplements combined	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	P for trend*
Quintiles, μg/day (median (range))	2.8 (0.4–4.5)	6.5 (>4.5–9.5)	12.2 (>9.5–14)	15.8 (>14–18)	21.4 (>18–61)
# with AMD/# in quintile	36/211	24/200	37/196	28/177	14/184
Multivariate model	1.00	0.67 (0.38–1.18)	1.09 (0.65–1.84)	0.90 (0.51–1.56)	0.41 (0.20–0.78)	0.15
Vitamin D intake from supplements, μg/day		None	>0 to <10 μg	10 μg	>10 μg	P for trend*
# with AMD/# in supplement use category		64/407	17/120	44/301	14/140
Multivariate model		1.00	0.85 (0.46–1.50)	0.89 (0.58–1.36)	0.59 (0.30–1.09)	0.60
Vitamin D intake from foods	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	P for trend*
Quintiles, μg/day (median (range))	2.0 (0.4–2.7)	3.5 (>2.7–4.2)	5.0 (>4.2–5.8)	7.0 (>5.8–8.6)	10.6 (>8.6–30.4)
# AMD/# in quintile	30/206	34/198	35/201	21/189	19/174
Multivariate model	1.00	1.20 (0.69–2.08)	1.24 (0.72–2.16)	0.75 (0.41–1.37)	0.74 (0.39–1.38)	0.04

^*A P-value was obtained for the linear trend by replacing the categorical predictor with the continuous variable.

^†Worse eye, adjusted for age at photography, and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (smoking pack years, iris pigmentation, family history of AMD, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hormone use status).