Stress-induced reinstatement requires BNST activation. a, Vehicle- and lidocaine-treated mice exhibit similar levels of preference for the cocaine-paired side on the posttest day compared with their preferences before conditioning and similar levels of extinction. However, on reinstatement test day, only vehicle-treated animals exhibit a significant preference for the drug-paired side. **p < 0.01, extinction versus reinstatement; ***p < 0.001, posttest versus pretest. b, Microinjector placements within the BNST for all cocaine-conditioned animals.