TABLE 4.
Non-addictive psychiatric disorders among ecstasy users and non-ecstasy drug users in NESARC (N = 9140)
| Lifetime prevalence: Column % (95% CI) |
C1: ecstasy–polydrug users |
C2: ecstasy–marijuana– stimulant users |
C3: ecstasy– marijuana users |
Non-ecstasy drug users |
χ2(df =3) P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 217 | 178 | 167 | 8578 | |
| Any mood problem | 45.8 (37.7–54.3) | 42.5 (34.6–50.8) | 32.0 (24.2–40.9) | 35.0 (33.5–36.5) | NS |
| Major depression | 36.2 (28.6–44.5) | 37.4 (29.8–45.6) | 25.0 (18.3–33.3) | 30.4 (29.0–31.9) | NS |
| Dysthymia | 12.2 (8.2–17.6) | 13.1 (8.4–19.8) | 2.2 (0.7–6.2) | 9.7 (8.9–10.5) | <0.001 |
| Mania | 17.3 (12.4–23.8) | 10.9 (6.5–17.7) | 7.2 (3.7–13.7) | 7.9 (7.1–8.7) | 0.01 |
| Hypomania | 5.9 (3.0–11.0) | 7.0 (3.8–12.5) | 7.4 (4.2–12.9) | 4.0 (3.5–4.5) | NS |
| Any anxiety problem | 31.1 (24.8–38.7) | 24.8 (18.2–32.7) | 26.1 (18.6–35.3) | 27.3 (25.8–28.8) | NS |
| Any panic disorder | 11.1 (7.3–16.6) | 5.8 (3.0–11.1) | 4.8 (2.2–10.1) | 7.2 (6.6–7.9) | NS |
| Panic disorder with agoraphobia | 4.1 (1.9–8.8) | 3.6 (1.5–8.4) | 1.7 (0.5–5.6) | 2.4 (2.2–2.8) | NS |
| Panic disorder w/out agoraphobia | 0.3 (0.0–2.2) | 0 | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | NS |
| Social phobia | 6.9 (4.0–11.8) | 7.4 (4.1–12.8) | 10.6 (5.5–19.4) | 8.7 (7.9–9.7) | NS |
| Specific phobia | 18.8 (13.5–25.5) | 12.8 (8.4–19.3) | 12.5 (7.9–19.4) | 14.6 (13.6–15.8) | NS |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 7.9 (4.7–13.0) | 6.1 (3.3–10.9) | 5.1 (2.5–10.1) | 8.0 (7.3–8.8) | NS |
| Any personality disorder | 45.8 (37.7–54.2) | 40.9 (32.4–50.1) | 27.2 (19.8–36.1) | 26.3 (24.9–27.8) | <0.001 |
| Avoidant | 3.8 (1.9–7.3) | 3.7 (1.6–8.2) | 3.9 (1.8 – 8.5) | 4.5 (4.0–5.2) | NS |
| Dependent | 1.8 (0.6–5.1) | 0.4 (0.1–2.4) | 1.7 (0.5–5.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | NS |
| Obsessive–compulsive | 13.9 (9.5–19.9) | 17.1 (11.6–24.5) | 9.9 (5.7–16.7) | 12.4 (11.5–13.3) | NS |
| Paranoid | 12.6 (8.4–18.2) | 12.0 (6.4–21.4) | 7.2 (3.8–13.3) | 12.0 (6.4–21.4) | NS |
| Schizoid | 6.9 (4.0–11.7) | 4.6 (2.2–9.3) | 4.7 (2.2–9.9) | 5.5 (4.9–6.2) | NS |
| Histrionic | 10.9 (7.0–16.6) | 6.2 (3.2–11.7) | 5.8 (2.9–11.3) | 3.6 (3.1–4.1) | 0.01 |
| Antisocial | 30.6 (23.8–38.2) | 21.3 (14.6–30.0) | 9.6 (5.8–15.6) | 10.5 (9.6–11.5) | <0.001 |
CI: confidence interval. NS: p > 0.01.