Figure 1. Schematic representation of key oncogenic PKCι signaling pathways.

PKCι resides within several major signaling pathways implicated in human cancer. PKCι can be activated by known oncogenes such as Ras, Bcr-Abl, Src and PI3K, cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1, and growth factors such NGF and EGF. PKCι signals to downstream effectors such as Rac1 and NFκB which are important for different aspects of the transformed phenotype. Many components in PKCι-dependent signal pathways are mutated, often by multiple mechanisms (ie. gene amplification and somatic mutation), in human tumors (indicated by yellow boxes). Arrows indicate flow through signaling pathways; touching boxes indicate direct binding of signaling components. Phosphorylation events are indicated by circled Ps.