Table 3.
Circulating Levels of Significant Biomarkers in Patients Diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer, Benign Pancreatic Disease, and Healthy Control Individuals
| Class | Biomarker | Healthy | Benign | PDAC1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Mean | Mean | vs. Healthy | vs. Benign | |||
| pg/ml | pg/ml | pg/ml | p-value2 (Trend) | ||||
| Tumor Markers | CA 19-9 | 5.424 | 2.608 | 56.04 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | |
| CA-125 | 27.38 | 26.94 | 1073 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| CEA | 33271 | 621444 | 474737 | < 0.01 (I) | < 0.05 (D) | ||
| Hormones | GH | 1932 | 1167 | 2398 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | |
| Prolactin4 | 618.1 | 2366 | 1410 | < 0.01 (I) | ns | ||
| PTH | 27.22 | 43.48 | 38.6 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| Apoptosis Markers | Cytokeratin 19 | 20.16 | 122.8 | 7579 | < 0.01 (I) | ns | |
| sFas | 8877 | 9273 | 13621 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| sFasL | 200.2 | 190.1 | 162 | < 0.001 (D) | ns | ||
| Adhesion Mediators | MMP-24 | 37770 | 38260 | 44830 | < 0.05 (I) | ns | |
| ICAM-13 | 177.8 | 535.1 | 1011 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| TIMP-13 | 116.2 | 184 | 331.5 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | ||
| TIMP-23 | 9277 | 14680 | 12400 | < 0.01 (I) | ns | ||
| TIMP-3 | 707186 | 3756000 | 823150 | < 0.01 (I) | < 0.01 | (D) | |
| TIMP-4 | 77019 | 87711 | 106717 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | ||
| Cytokines/Chemokines/Receptors | IL-2R | 1124 | 1938 | 3214 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | |
| IL-8 | 10.52 | 16.73 | 37.68 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| IP-10 | 189.5 | 187.6 | 230.3 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| MPO3 | 289 | 481.7 | 501.7 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| TNF-a | 6.135 | 7.603 | 7.141 | < 0.05 (I) | ns | ||
| TNF-RI | 6093 | 8102 | 10604 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| TNF-RII | 4255 | 5309 | 9016 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| Growth/Angiogenesis Factors | Angiostatin3 | 6604000 | 6005000 | 6037000 | < 0.01 (D) | ns | |
| EGFR | 103980 | 100387 | 89214 | < 0.001 (D) | ns | ||
| Endostatin | 146542 | 169267 | 195388 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| ErbB2 | 11018 | 12061 | 16458 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| IGFBP-14 | 16040 | 39060 | 50730 | < 0.001 (I) | ns | ||
| Thrombospondin4 | 16050 | 16730 | 14070 | < 0.01 (D) | ns | ||
| Adipokines | Adiponectin | 78930 | 72840 | 100400 | < 0.01 (D) | ns | |
| Leptin | 5466 | 3803 | 3099 | < 0.05 (D) | ns | ||
| Apolipoproteins | ApoAI | 226872 | 211750 | 103597 | < 0.001 (D) | < 0.001 (D) | |
| ApoAII | 3226 | 2596 | 2100 | < 0.001 (D) | < 0.01 (D) | ||
| ApoCIII | 231.3 | 223.3 | 195.6 | < 0.001 (D) | ns | ||
| ApoE | 63 | 66.48 | 95.88 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| Bone Regulation | OC | 5622 | 7366 | 4869 | < 0.001 (D) | < 0.001 (D) | |
| OPG | 441.7 | 719.5 | 824.1 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.01 (I) | ||
| OPN | 1483 | 6520 | 16151 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | ||
| Other | CRP3 | 16450 | 67870 | 120500 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | |
| GLP-1 (active) | 18.59 | 17.91 | 24.07 | < 0.05 (I) | ns | ||
| HE4 | 36257 | 20677 | 51142 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.05 (I) | ||
| SAA3 | 100.2 | 1012 | 2769 | < 0.001 (I) | < 0.001 (I) | ||
| Tg II | 24674 | 48184 | 62525 | < 0.05 (I) | ns | ||
1
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma;
2
significance determined by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test;
3
ug/ml;
4
ng/ml; ns-not significant; Trend: (I) – increased in PDAC, (D) – decreased in PDAC