Table 1.
Involvement of cPLA2, iPLA2, and sPLA2 in inflammatory responses in the CNS
| cPLA2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Involved in long term memory retrieval | (Schaeffer and Gattaz 2007) |
| 2 | AA as a retrograde signal in growth and dynamics of retinotectal arbors | (Leu and Schmidt 2008) |
| 3 | AA as an important cofactor for synovial NADPH oxidase | (Chenevier-Gobeaux et al. 2007) |
| 4 | As anti-inflammatory therapy for collagen-induced arthritis | (Raichel et al. 2008) |
| 5 | Involvement in spinal nociceptive processes | (Kim et al. 2008) |
| 6 | Involve in cognitive function—implication for Alzheimer’s disease | (Schaeffer and Gattaz 2008; Sanchez-Mejia et al. 2008) |
| 7 | Involved in Abeta-mediated increase in AA release | (Chalimoniuk et al. 2007; Shelat et al. 2008) |
| 8 | Mediates NMDA-stimulated electrophysiological responses of hippocampal neurons | (Shen et al. 2007) |
| 9 | Contributes to Abeta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis | (Kriem et al. 2005; Zhu et al. 2006) |
| 10 | Regulates Abeta-induced activation of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinase | (Malaplate-Armand et al. 2006) |
| 11 | Involved in muscarinic receptor-mediated sAPPalpha release | (Cho et al. 2006) |
| iPLA2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Release of DHA | (Lukiw et al. 2005; Schwab et al. 2007; Green et al. 2008) |
| 2 | Neuroprotection against toxicity due to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) | (Strokin et al. 2006) |
| 3 | Regulates store-operated calcium entry in cerebellar astrocytes | (Singaravelu et al. 2006) |
| 4 | Regulates hippocampal AMPA receptor and learning and memory | (Menard et al. 2005) |
| 5 | Acquisition of short- and long-term memory in hippocampus | (Schaeffer and Gattaz 2005) |
| 6 | Involved in oxidant-induced cell death | (Xu et al. 2003b; Song et al. 2006; Peterson et al. 2007) |
| 7 | Induces expression of sPLA2-IIA in fibroblasts | (Kuwata et al. 2007) |
| 8 | Involved in LPS-induced NF-κB activation and iNOS gene expression | (Won et al. 2005) |
| 9 | Mouse model of iPLA2β deficiency—severe motor dysfunction and axon degeneration | (Shinzawa et al. 2008; Malik et al. 2008) |
| 10 | Genetic defect of iPLA2β—childhood neurologic disorders: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and idiopathic neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) |
(Morgan et al. 2006; Gregory et al. 2008; Kurian et al. 2008) |
| 11 | Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration | (Lopez-Vales et al. 2008) |
| 12 | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis | (Kalyvas et al. 2009) |
| sPLA2 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Role in innate immunity, cross-talk with cPLA2 or iPLA2 | (Kuwata et al. 2007) |
| 2 | sPLA2-1B, induced in brain by kainic acid | (Kolko et al. 2005) |
| 3 | sPLA2-IIA and ROS generation in mitochondria mediates glutamate-induced neuronal death | (Mathisen et al. 2007) |
| 4 | sPLA2-IIA in inflammation—transcriptional regulation by pro-inflammatory cytokines | (Andreani et al. 2000; Touqui and Alaoui-El-Azher 2001; Adibhatla and Hatcher 2007, 2008; Jensen et al. 2009) |
| 5 | Increased sPLA2-IIA mRNA and immunoreactivity in AD brain | (Moses et al. 2006) |
| 6 | Increase in sPLA2-IIA mRNA and protein in cerebral ischemia models | (Lin et al. 2004; Adibhatla and Hatcher 2007) |
| 7 | Involved in spinal cord injury | (Liu et al. 2007; Titsworth et al. 2008) |
| 9 | sPLA2-III—promotes neuronal outgrowth and survival | (Masuda et al. 2008) |
| 10 | sPLA2-III—induces axonopathy | (Titsworth et al. 2007) |