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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2009 Feb 12;104(6):770–779. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.187880

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Sustained PKA activities are necessary for increasing PKA phosphorylation of phospholamban and neonatal cardiac myocyte contraction. (A) Addition of alprenolol after 2 min of isoproterenol stimulation significantly attenuates the phosphorylation of ser16 of phospholamban in wild-type myocytes. (B) Isoproterenol induces sustained contraction rate increases in wild-type cardiac myocytes, which are rapidly decreased by addition of alprenolol or H-89. (C) Inhibition of PDE4 with rolipram induces small increases in contraction rate at baseline, but does not further enhance isoproterenol-induced increases in contraction rate. (D) The increases in baseline and maximal contraction rates in panel B and C are compared among different groups. # p<0.05 and ### p<0.001 when comparing the time-course curves to controls by two-way ANOVA. * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01 when compared to the basal levels by student t-test.